Bone and Cartilage Pathology II

Question 1

lump on rib, full of hemosiderin

Answer 1

brown tumor

Question 2

renal osteodystrophy

Answer 2

skeletal changes that occur in chronic renal disease

tubular dysfunction
generalized renal failure
decreased production of secreted factors
metabolic acidosis

Question 3

overlying skin intact with fx

Answer 3

simple

Question 4

bone breaks through skin surface

Answer 4

compound

Question 5

bone fragmented with fx

Answer 5

comminuted

Question 6

ends of bones are not aligned with fx

Answer 6

displaced

Question 7

slowly developing fracture that follows period of increased physical activity where bone subject to repeated loads

Answer 7

stress

Question 8

fx only partially through bones

Answer 8

greenstick

in kids - with soft bones

Question 9

fx from weak bone with underlying disease

Answer 9

pathologic

Question 10

osteopenia, osteomalacia, hyperPTH, growth retardation in patient with chronic renal failure

Answer 10

renal osteodystrophy

Question 11

result of hyperPTH

Answer 11

osteoporosis
brown tumors
osteitis fibrosa cystica

Question 12

corticosteroid use

Answer 12

can lead to osteonecrosis

Question 13

avascular necrosis

Answer 13

with dislocation of hip

cut off blood supply via the obturator artery

Question 14

osteonecrosis

Answer 14

often affects medulla infarcts

cortex - collateral blood flow

fat necrosis - saponification

Question 15

inflammation of bone and marrow secondary to infection

Answer 15

osteomyelitis

Question 16

pyogenic osteomyelitis

Answer 16

hematogenous spread
extension from contiguous site
direct implantation - with surgery

Question 17

majority of pyogenic osteomyelitis

Answer 17

staph aureus

50% cases - no organism isolated

Question 18

sickle cell osteomyelitis

Answer 18

salmonella

Question 19

sequestrum

Answer 19

with osteomyelitis infection

-necrosis of dead bones**

Question 20

involucrum

Answer 20

shell of living tissue (new bone) around sequestran necrotic dead bone in osteomyelitis

Question 21

brodie abscess

Answer 21

small intraosseous abscess with osteomyelitis

Question 22

sclerosing osteomyelitis of garre

Answer 22

jaw - associated with extensive new bone formation that obscures much of underlying osseous structures

Question 23

Xray with lytic focus of bone surrounded by sclerosis

Answer 23

suggest diagnosis of osteomyelitis

Question 24

pott disease

Answer 24

tuberculous spondylitis

Question 25

first hint of bone tumor

Answer 25

pathologic fractures

Question 26

bone tumors

Answer 26

majority - benign - in younger patients older adults - likely malignant

Question 27

most common bone tumor

Answer 27

metastatic

Question 28

osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma

Answer 28

B9 bone producing tumor osteoblastoma is >2cm

Question 29

osteoblastoma

Answer 29

greater than 2cm

Question 30

23yo M heel hurts at night

Answer 30

lytic tumor | -osteoid osteoma

Question 31

at epiphysis

Answer 31

giant cell tumor

Question 32

at diaphysis

Answer 32

ewing sarcoma

Question 33

nidus

Answer 33

central lytic lesion in osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma | surrounded by reactive bone that is thicker

Question 34

most common primary bone tumor

Answer 34

osteosarcoma

Question 35

osteosarcoma

Answer 35

malignant cancerous cells produce osteoid matrix or mineralized bone

Question 36

common site of osteosarcoma

Answer 36

knee

Question 37

age of osteosarcoma

Answer 37

bimodal - 75% >20yo - 25% older adults more in men

Question 38

painful progressively enlarging mass of knee

Answer 38

osteosarcoma

Question 39

codman triangle

Answer 39

Xray finding - triangular shadow between cortex and raised ends of periosteum in osteosarcoma - not diagnostic

Question 40

mets of osteosarcoma

Answer 40

lung

Question 41

tx osteosarcoma

Answer 41

neoadjuvant chemo | surgery

Question 42

prognosis of osteosarcoma

Answer 42

60-70% 5 year without mets

Question 43

exostosis

Answer 43

osteochondroma benign cartilage capped tumor that is attached to underlying skeleton by bony stalk

Question 44

most common benign bone tumor

Answer 44

osteochondroma

Question 45

growth of osteochondroma

Answer 45

stop growing at time of growth plate closure

Question 46

tx of osteochondroma

Answer 46

symptomatic - simple excision

Question 47

chondroma

Answer 47

benign tumor of hyaline cartilage

Question 48

enchondroma

Answer 48

chondroma from medullary cavity

Question 49

juxtacortical chondroma

Answer 49

chondroma from surface of bone

Question 50

solitary metaphyseal lesion of tubular bones of hands and feet

Answer 50

enchondroma

Question 51

Xray circumscribed lucencies with central calcifications, sclerotic rim, and intact cortex

Answer 51

enchondromas

Question 52

ollier disease

Answer 52

multiple chondroma - nonhereditary disorders characterized by multiple enchondromas

Question 53

maffucci syndrome

Answer 53

multiple chondroma - and spindle cell hemangiomas

Question 54

risks with maffucci syndrome

Answer 54

developing ovarian carcinoma and brain gliomas