Bone and Connective Tissue Focused Flashcards Preview

Acuity > Bone and Connective Tissue Focused > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bone and Connective Tissue Focused Deck (11)
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1
Q

What substance makes up 2/3 of the bone weight?

A

Calcium phosphate crystals

2
Q

What is the other 1/3 made up of?

A

Collagen fibres, other calcium salts and cells

3
Q

Name four cells found in the cortical bone tissue.

A

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteoprogenitors

4
Q

What are the two types of bone and what are their differences?

A

Cortical bone - hard outer layer consisting of cylindrical structures called osteons.
Cancellous bone - found where lightness and strength are needed - expanded ends of long bones. It forms struts called trabeculae which make up the inner support structure.

5
Q

What is the name of the thick membrane that surrounds bone?

A

Periosteum

6
Q

Name the two major forms of ossification and where they occur.

A

Intramembranous Ossification - Usually in the deep layers of the dermis. Roofing bones of the skull, the mandible and clavicle or dermal bones.

Endochondral Ossification - Found in the long bones and limbs.

7
Q

What kind of bone growth increases the diameter of the bone?

A

Appositional bone growth - when poriosteal cells convert into osteoblasts and contribute to the growth of the matrix.

8
Q

What is the function of the epiphyseal plates found at the ends of growing bones?

A

Chondrocytes closest to the epiphysis divide and thicken the plate forcing the epiphyses further away from the shaft.

9
Q

Name 3 types of cartilage and name their locations.

A

Hyaline cartilage - most common. Found between the tips of the ribs and the bones of the sternum.
Elastic Cartilage - Pinna of the external ear, tip of the nose and the epiglottis
Fibrocartilage - intervertebral discs, the menisci of the knee joint, between the pubic bones of the pelvis

10
Q

Is cartilage avascular?

A

Yes

11
Q

How do tendons and ligaments differ?

A

Tendons attach muscles to bones

Cartilage attaches bones to bones