Bone Development

Question 1

Functions of bones

Answer 1

1.Support, 2.Protection, 3. movement 4. Mineral Reservoir 5. Blood cell 6. Energy

Question 2

The Two main groups

Answer 2

Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

skull (and ear ossicles),
hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx, sternum
and ribs

Answer 3

Axial skeleton

Question 4

everything else!

Bones of the pelvis, arms and legs

Answer 4

Appendicular skeleton

Question 5

Longer than they are wide

• Femur, humerus, fibula

Answer 5

Long bones

Question 6

Cube-shaped bones (in wrist and ankle e.g.
talus)
• Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g., patella)

Answer 6

Short bone

Question 7

Thin, flat, slightly curved

• Sternum, parietal, occipital, frontal

Answer 7

Flat bones

Question 8

skip

Answer 8

skip

Question 9

Skeletal Cartilages (HEF)

Answer 9

1. Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix)
   • Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
   • Most abundant type
   • Location: trachea, larynx, articular ends of bones,
   epiphyseal plate, nose, costal cartilage
2. Elastic cartilage (chondrocytes)
   • Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers
   • Location: ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube
3. Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)
   • Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
   • Location: IVD, pubic symphysis, menisci

Question 10

What does Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix) do?

Answer 10

Provide support, flexibility, and resilience

Question 11

Provide support, flexibility, and resilience

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage (chondrocytes = maintain matrix)

Question 12

Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers

Answer 12

Elastic cartilage (chondrocytes)

Question 13

Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)

Answer 13

Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength

Question 14

Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength

Answer 14

Fibrocartilage (chondrocytes)

Question 15

Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as
• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, 
and tendons
Joint surfaces
 Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

Answer 15

Bone Marking

Question 16

Dense outer layer

Answer 16

Compact bone

Question 17

Honeycomb of trabeculae

Answer 17

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 18

Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow)
cavity
Medullary cavity in adults contains fat (yellow marrow)

Answer 18

Diaphysis (shaft)

Question 19

Expanded ends 
Spongy bone interior 
Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth plate) 
 Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces

Answer 19

Epiphyses

Question 20

“Open” growth plate of hyaline cartilage where interstitial

growth occurs

Answer 20

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 21

“Closed” growth plate (remnant of epiphyseal plate).

Answer 21

Epiphyseal Line

Question 22

Composed of an outer fibrous layer
and an inner osteogenic layer

1. (bone-forming cells)?
2. (bone-destroying cells)?
3. cells (stem cells)?

Answer 22

Periosteum

1. Osteoblasts
2. Osteoclasts
3. Osteogenic

Question 23

Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of
bone
Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 23

Endosteum

Question 24

covers compact bone on the

outside

Answer 24

Periosteum

Question 25

covers spongy bone within

Answer 25

Endosteum

Question 26

called diploë in flat bones | Bone marrow between the trabeculae

Answer 26

Spongy bone

Question 27

Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum | that give rise to osteoblasts

Answer 27

Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells

Question 28

Bone-forming cells

Answer 28

Osteoblasts

Question 29

Mature bone cells: maintain bone matrix

Answer 29

Osteocytes

Question 30

Cells that break down (resorb) bone matrix | •“Pack Man Cells”

Answer 30

Osteoclasts

Question 31

Column-like rings matrix tubes

Answer 31

Lamellae

Question 32

``` Contains NAVL (nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatics) ```

Answer 32

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 33

At right angles to the central canal Connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal

Answer 33

Volkmann’s canals

Question 34

small cavities that contain living | osteocytes

Answer 34

Lacunae

Question 35

hairlike canals that connect | lacunae to each other and the central canal

Answer 35

Canaliculi

Question 36

Contain irregularly arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi: lattice-like structure • Align along lines of stress

Answer 36

Trabeculae

Question 37

Produce all blood cells

Answer 37

Red Bone Marrow

Question 38

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, | osteocytes, osteoclasts

Answer 38

cells

Question 39

organic bone matrix secreted | by osteoblasts

Answer 39

osteoid

Question 40

Hydroxyapatite (mineral salts) contains