Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Kine 1020 > Bone Health - Lecture 35 > Flashcards

Bone Health - Lecture 35 Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of Bone Structure

A

50% mineral crystals (Calcium phosphate)
50% protein (collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What classifies as a healthy bone

A

More strong and dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two types of Bone

A

Cortical & Trabecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cortical

A

Compact and long part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Trabecular

A

Spongy end with red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Key Structures of the Bone

A

Marrow, Periosteum, Blood Supply, ‘physis’s’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is marrow used for?

A

Creating different types of cells based on red or yellow marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer layer wrapped around the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does the bone have it’s own blood supply

A

Although it’s a dense structure, it has structures within that require blood to function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Different ‘physis’s’

A

Proximal epiphysis, Metaphysis, Diphysis, Distal Epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proximal epiphysis & Distal Epiphysis

A

where bone meets joint; trabecular bone area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metaphysis (Trabecular Bone Region)

A

Area for bone growth (growth plates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is metaphysis most active

A

Young and active age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diphysis

A

Located on the cortical bone region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bone Remodelling

A

The bone is always in a constant state of turnover; being broken down and built

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two cells involved in bone remodelling

A

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming/building cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone resorbing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Step 1 Bone remodelling

A

Osteoclasts reabsorb cells (break bone down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Step 2 Bone reabsorption complete

A

Cavities where the bone was removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Step 3 Bone Formation

A

Osteoblasts build bone back in the presence of good nutrition (calcium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Final step of Bone Remodelling

A

Bone settles in

23
Q

Trends in Bone Mass Across Lifespan

A
  • Males peak higher and end higher with bone mass
  • Females have a rapid drop at 50-60 due to menopause
24
Q

How much influence does diet and exercise have on bone mass (%)

25
Danger Zone
Risk getting osteoporosis due to suboptimal lifestyle factors
26
What does "pediatric disease with geriatric consequences" mean
Lifestyle as a young person can affect your health as an adult
27
Key messages to prevent osteoporosis
Maximize bone growth young age and minimize bone loss when older
28
What is osteoporosis characterized by?
Low bone mass/density and deterioration of bone tissue
29
Is there more osteoblast or osteoclast activity for osteoporosis
Osteoclast; causing greater cavities
30
Which bone type is affected?
Trabecular bone; cavities increase and less rigid
31
What risks are associated with loss in bone mass
Fracture + Functionality
32
How is Bone Mineral Density measured
DEXA
33
What does DEXA help determine
Bone density, fracture risk, etc.
34
Where are the main sites of osteoporosis diagnosis
Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck
35
How is it osteoporosis scored with DEXA?
Two ways; T-score and Z-score
36
T-Score
Compares bone density to avg 30 yr old of same sex
37
Z-Score
Compares bone density to avg. person, same age and sex
38
What number is normal bone density
>-1.0
39
What counts as not good?
-1.0-2.5
40
What number would mean osteoporosis
<2.5
41
Why do women have a higher chance of experiencing an osteoporotic fracture
- Men have a higher peak - Females live a longer life so they're likely to experience it later in life. - Men being more active at a younger age
42
What's the progression of osteoporosis like for males
For Males bone loss slowly trickles away at 35
43
What's the progression of osteoporosis for females
Slow but accelerates 5 years after menopause
44
Why is the progression silent
People aren't aware of osteoporosis until a fracture occurs
45
Risk factors for Osteoporosis
- Poor diet - Increasing age - Genetics - Sex - Physical Inactivity
46
Symptoms of Osteoporosis
- Pain in lower back - Cramps in legs and feet - Dowager's hump (spine bending forward) - Fragility Fractures
47
Main common sites of Osteoporotic Fractures
Vertebral (compression) , Wrist (fall), Hip (fall)
48
Colle's Fracture
Outward wrist fracture
49
Smith's Fracture
Inward Wrist Fracture
50
What's the most likeliest fracture for osteoporotic purposes past the age of 70
Hip fractures
51
Impacts of QOL after hip fractures (older adults)
Independence and Functionality lost
52
Mortality risk?
10-20% after 6 months and 21-36% after a year
53
Prevention and Treatment for Osteoporosis
- Exercise - Diet - Medications - Early Screening/ DEXA for those at risk

Kine 1020 (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions