- Tenderness - Range of motion limitation - Fatigue - Short terms losses in strength

- Weakness - Dark Urine colour (proteins found in urine) - Muscle Swelling

Muscle Dysfunction - Lecture 34 Flashcards by Tivyan Aruneethan

How are sarcopenia and dynapenia different?

Dynapenia relates to muscle strength while sarcopenia relates to muscle mass

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Which one takes more affect through aging? Dynapenia or Sarcopenia?

Dynapenia as neuromuscular changes counts for 90% of lost muscle strength.

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Acute Muscle Soreness

Pain during or immediately after exercise

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What are symptoms of acute muscle soreness

Accumulation of metabolic by-products (H+)
Tissue edema

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What is tissue edema?

fluid shifting from blood plasma into tissues

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DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)

24-48 hours post exercise and can last up to 3 days

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Symptoms of DOMS

Tenderness
Range of motion limitation
Fatigue
Short terms losses in strength

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What is DOMS caused by?

Inflammatory response to micro tears caused by High intensity resistance EX. (Not lactate buildup)

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Who is DOMS most common among?

New exercisers or new stimulus

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Misconception of DOMS

Need DOMS to occur for adaptation

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Alleviating Symptoms for DOMS

Gentle Movement
Massage
Foam Rolling
Heat/Cold

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How is DOMS preventable

Warm-up/Cool down & slow progression + hydration

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Rhabdomyolysis

Striated Muscle Breakdown (Skeletal muscle)

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What is Rhabdo Caused by?

Heavy strength training without rest
Injury/trauma

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Symptoms of Rhabdo

Weakness
Dark Urine colour (proteins found in urine)
Muscle Swelling

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Seriousness of Rhabdo

Can cause kidney failure & death

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What is Rhabdomyolysis characterized as

Break down of muscle tissue

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What happens internally during rhabdo?

Toxic components in circulation end up in kidneys
Myoglobin and proteins enter bloodstream

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What’s an indicator of rhabdomyolysis

High levels of Creatine Kinase in the blood

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Treatments for Rhabdomyolysis

IV Fluid
PT
Dialysis (if kidneys start to fail)

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Relationship of Crossfit and Rhabdo

Culture that is glorifying a life threatening condition

Fibromyalgia

Chronic Muscle Disorder

How is Fibromyalgia characterized?

Widespread Pain
Fatigue, sleep disturbance
Cognitive issues

Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

Migraine
IBS
Jaw Pain
Anxiety & Depression

What happens when symptoms start for Fibromyalgia? (Symptom Onset)

Start to feel these "flare-ups" and they're usually triggered by physical and psychological stressors

Cause of Fibromyalgia

Repetition of nerve stimulation alters how brain senses pain - Amplifies pain

What are some risk factors of getting Fibromyalgia?

- Female - Family History - Osteoarthritis

How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?

Diagnosis of exclusion (Rules out everything it's not and left with what it can be)

What is a key factor in diagnosing fibromyalgia

Widespread pain in 4/5 areas of the body - Upper & Lower Left to Right Regions - Axial Region

Treatment for Fibromyalgia

Mainly alleviation techniques - Stress reduction and exercise (restore functional ability)

Muscle Dystrophy

A group of muscle diseases that are genetically inherited causing progressive muscle weakness

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

- Most common form of muscle dystrophy - Inherited from mother

What does DMD do internally?

Alters dystrophin protein expression (a protein used for building muscle)

What happens when dystrophin is low?

Can't replace and build new muscle fibres; fat accumulates

Risk Factors of DMD

- Males mostly - 2-6 years of age detected - Causes lung and heart issues

Symptoms of DMD

- Progressive muscle atrophy - Falls - Calf muscle hypertrophy - Cognitive impairment - Development Delay

Diagnosis of DMD

- 10-20X CK in blood - Genetic testing - Muscle biopsy - EKG

Gower sign

An indicator where putting hands on knees before standing up

Treatment for DMD

Maintaining what you have - Steroids - PT - Exercise - Mobility Aids - Cardiomyopathy

What's the end result of DMD

Wheelchair at 12 years Life expectancy: 25-30

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Scleorosis)

Neuromuscular disorder that affects motor neurons

Damages in Upper motor neurons corresponds to...

Stiffness/spasticity

Damage in Lower motor neurons corresponds to...

Atrophy/twitching

Overtime effects of having ALS

Muscle atrophy & weakness along with loss of independence

Prognosis (eventual death) of ALS is caused by what and on average how long?

Respiratory (3-5 years after diagnosis)

Is ALS genetically inherited?

No; 90-95% are random

Symptoms of ALS

- Muscle weakness - Atrophy - Shortness of Breath - Frequent Chest Infections - Excess Saliva production - Stiffness

When is ALS usually detected

55-75 among Caucasians

Diagnosis of ALS

- Neurological Exam - EMG Studies - Nerve conduction studies

Treatment of ALS

Maintaining and maximizing what you have left - PT - Speech Therapy - Assistive devices - Pharmocotherapy