Respiratory Physiology - Lecture 11 Flashcards
(63 cards)
Systemic Circulation
Carrier of blood from the heart to the body
Pulmonary Circulation
Blood carried from the heart to lungs to become oxygenated.
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx
Warms air to body temp., Humidifies air around it, filters air, and is the sense of smell
Nasal Cavity
Junction of oral and nasal cavity, warms/cools, humidifies air, also part of digestive system
Pharynx
Vocal cords, protects the lungs, coughing and throat clearing reflexes
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli
Where does gas exchange primarily occur?
Alveoli
Conductive zone
Air is being transported through these; not gas exchange. Goes from the trachea to the bronchioles
Respiratory Zone
Gas exchange occurs through the many capillaries outside the alveoli. This zone contains respiratory bronchioles and Alveoli.
Does Asthma affect the conductive zone or the respiratory zone?
Conductive zone.
What happens to the airways as air goes down them
As air passes through the airways, the airways get smaller in diameter, but it opens the air to a vast amount of branches of bronchioles.
Primary site of gas exchange, tightly networked with capillaries, and has surfactant on the wall to lower surface tension.
Alveoli
Gas Exchange
Driven by differences in pressure, “Pressure Gradient”
How gas exchange works in the lungs?
RBC in our capillaries come from the pulmonary artery where CO2 is offloaded and O2 is loaded onto the HB molecule. The RBC’s take the O2 to the heart through the pulmonary veins
Oxygen Diffusion from the Alveoli to the Blood
1) O2 in the alveoli that came from the outside air we breathed diffuses to deoxygenated blood coming from pulmonary artery
2) O2 travels to tissue and Po2 is greater in the blood
3) Partial Pressure occurs and O2 moves to tissues
4) The remaining O2 goes back to the alveoli and the pressure of O2 is more in the alveoli starting the cycle over again
Carbon Dioxide Diffusion from the Blood to the Alveoli
1) There is more CO2 in the blood than in the alveoli, so it moves down its pressure gradient.
2) The pressure of CO2 in the bloodstream is less than what’s in the tissues as the tissues are starving for O2.
3) CO2 moves from the tissues to the bloodstream (down the pressure gradient)
4)Finally, when returning to the alveoli, CO2 pressure is greater in the blood (deoxygenated) than in the alveoli.
What forms does CO2 travel in
Bicarbonate (preventing the blood from becoming too acidic), Bound to Hemoglobin, dissolved in plasma
What form does O2 travel in the blood
95% bounded to HB molecule
5% dissolves in plasma
Hemoglobin
4 binding sites for O2; millions of HB molecules
Why is having more blood cells inefficient?
Leads to sticker blood and possible clots
Pulmonary Volumes
Total Lung Capacity, Tidal Volumes, Inspiratory/Expiratory Volumes, Residual Volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
forceful inhalation of air
Tidal volume
Oscillating wave representing normal inhalation and exhalation
