bony thorax

Question 1

SID for AP lordotic chest

Answer 1

72 inches

Question 2

AP lordotic chest evaluation criteria

-Sternal clavicular ends projected (above/below) the lung apices
-Distances from the vertebral column to the _____________
-___________ lung field is at the center of the exposure field
-___________________ are included within the exposure field

Answer 2

-above
-clavicular ends are equal
-superior
-Clavicles, apices, and two-thirds of the lungs

Question 3

positioning for AP lordotic chest

Answer 3

patient stand 12 inches away from IR, lean back, roll shoulders forward

Question 4

respiration instructions for AP Lordotic Chest

Answer 4

second full inspiration

Question 5

CR angle for AP lordotic chest (standing)

Answer 5

perpendicular to IR

Question 6

CR angle for AP lordotic chest (supine)

Answer 6

15-20 cephalic

Question 7

CR entering for AP lordotic chest (standing and supine)

Answer 7

3-4 inches below the jugular notch (mid-sternum)

Question 8

CR angle for RAO sternum

Answer 8

perpendicular to IR

Question 9

CR entrance for RAO sternum

Answer 9

center of sternum, 1 inch to the left of midline and midway b/t jugular notch and xiphoid process

Question 10

SID for sternum (RAO and lateral)

Answer 10

40 inches

Question 11

kVp for sternum

Answer 11

70-85 for RAO
75-85 for lateral

Question 12

RAO sternum evaluation criteria
-Sternum is visualized _____________
-Sternum is visualized next to the _____________ with no superimposition by the vertebrae
-No distortion due to ____________

Answer 12

-over the heart shadow
-vertebral column
-over rotation

Question 13

positioning for RAO sternum

Answer 13

-oblique 15-20 degrees toward right side, RAO
-align long axis of sternum to CR and to midline of bucky
-top of IR approx. 1 1/2 inches superior to the jugular notch

Question 14

respiration instructions for RAO sternum

Answer 14

expiration

Question 15

positioning for lateral sternum

Answer 15

arms drawn back, chest thrusted forward

Question 16

CR angle for lateral sternum

Answer 16

perpendicular to IR

Question 17

CR entrance for lateral sternum

Answer 17

center of sternum (midway between the jugular notch and xiphoid process)

Question 18

respiration instructions for lateral sternum

Answer 18

inspiration

Question 19

how much light field should we have for sternum exams?

Answer 19

1.5 inches of light above jugular notch

Question 20

evaluation criteria for lateral sternum
-Entire sternum with minimal overlap of soft tissues
-Entire sternum with ______________________
-Lower aspect of sternum not obscured by __________

Answer 20

-no superimposition of ribs…no rotation
-breast tissues

Question 21

which ribs are the true ribs?

Answer 21

ribs 1-7

Question 22

which ribs are the false ribs?

Answer 22

ribs 8-12

Question 23

what makes a rib a true vs. false rib?

Answer 23

true rib = articulate directly with the sternum and their costal cartilages
false rib = indirectly connect with sternum; costal cartilage connect with the 7th cartilage by the costochondral joint

Question 24

false ribs indirectly connect with sternum; costal cartilage connect with the 7th cartilage by the ______________________

Answer 24

costochondral joint

Question 25

which ribs are the floating ribs?

Answer 25

ribs 11-12 (technically false ribs)

Question 26

floating ribs do not attach to ________________________

Answer 26

the sternum or to another rib

Question 27

CR angle for AP/PA bilateral ribs - above diaphragm

Answer 27

perpendicular to IR

Question 28

CR entrance for AP/PA bilateral ribs - above diaphragm

Answer 28

MSP at 3-4 inches below jugular notch (T-7)

Question 29

CR angle for AP/PA bilateral ribs - below diaphragm

Answer 29

perpendicular to IR

Question 30

CR entrance for AP/PA bilateral ribs - below diaphragm

Answer 30

MSP at level midway between xiphoid process and lower rib margin (slightly above pelvic crest)

Question 31

breathing instructions for AP/PA bilateral/unilateral ribs - below diaphragm

Answer 31

on full expiration

Question 32

breathing instructions for AP/PA bilateral/unilateral ribs - above diaphragm

Answer 32

on full inspiration

Question 33

evaluation criteria for bilateral posterior ribs -Ribs _________ should be visualized for above diaphragm; _________ for below -Rotation of the thorax (should/should not) be evident -Optimal contrast and density to visualize the ribs __________________________ -No motion

Answer 33

-rib 1-9; 10-12 (minimum) -should not -through the lungs and heart shadow

Question 34

evaluation criteria for bilateral anterior ribs - below diaphragm -Ribs _________ should be visualized for above diaphragm; _________ for below -Rotation of the thorax (should/should not) be evident -Optimal contrast and density to visualize the ribs through the ________________ -No motion

Answer 34

-rib 1-9; 10-12 (minimum) -should not -dense abdominal organs

Question 35

CR angle for AP/PA unilateral ribs - above diaphragm

Answer 35

perpendicular to IR

Question 36

CR entrance for AP/PA unilateral ribs - above diaphragm

Answer 36

between MSP and lateral margin of thorax 3-4 inches below jugular notch (T-7)

Question 37

respiration for AP/PA unilateral ribs - above diaphragm

Answer 37

suspend on full inspiration

Question 38

CR angle for AP/PA unilateral ribs - below diaphragm

Answer 38

perpendicular to IR

Question 39

CR entrance for AP/PA unilateral ribs - below diaphragm

Answer 39

between MSP and lateral margin of thorax midway between xiphoid process and the lower rib margin to the affected side

Question 40

respiration for AP/PA unilateral ribs - below diaphragm

Answer 40

suspend on full expiration

Question 41

IR size and orientation for bilateral rib study

Answer 41

17x14 landscape

Question 42

IR size and orientation for unilateral rib study above diaphragm

Answer 42

portrait 14x17

Question 43

IR size and orientation for unilateral rib study below diaphragm

Answer 43

landscape 14x14

Question 44

for an anterior rib injury, you would do a(n) ____ projection

Answer 44

PA

Question 45

for an posterior rib injury, you would do a(n) ____ projection

Answer 45

AP

Question 46

SID for rib studies

Answer 46

40-72 SID (instructor preference for 40)

Question 47

According to Bontrager, patient position for bilateral and unilateral ribs - above diaphragm

Answer 47

erect

Question 48

According to Bontrager, patient position for bilateral and unilateral ribs - below diaphragm

Answer 48

supine

Question 49

Rotate patient into _____ posterior or anterior oblique The affected side __________ to the IR for posterior oblique (AP) The affected side ______from IR for anterior ribs (PA) "A" away

Answer 49

45º, closest, away

Question 50

for oblique ribs, raise _________ arm up and keep _______________ down and away from their side

Answer 50

affected side arm, opposite side arm

Question 51

you want an RAO sternum to be ____________

Answer 51

over the heart shadow (error on review doc)

Question 52

Obliquity for RAO sternum

Answer 52

oblique 15-20 degrees toward right side, RAO

Question 53

jugular notch corresponds to ______

Answer 53

T2-T3

Question 54

sternal angle corresponds to ________

Answer 54

level of the intervertebral disk space between T4 and T5

Question 55

Xiphoid process corresponds to _________

Answer 55

T9-T10

Question 56

Inferior costal margin corresponds to ___________

Answer 56

L2-L3

Question 57

what is the only bony connection between each shoulder girdle and the bony thorax?

Answer 57

SC joint

Question 58

for a thicker patient in RAO sternum exams, you would use ___________. for a thinner patient, you would use ________

Answer 58

less obliquity (15 degrees); more obliquity (20 degrees)