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w.RADT 132: Procedures II > knee, patella, femur > Flashcards

knee, patella, femur Flashcards

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1
Q

kVp range for AP, oblique, and lateral knee

A

65-80 kVp

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2
Q

to position the knee for an AP knee, do the following:
______________________________________

A

rotate leg internally 3-5 degrees for a true AP or until inter-epicondylar line is parallel to plane of IR

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3
Q

to position the knee for an oblique (medial/internal) knee, do the following:
______________________________________

A

internally rotate entire leg 45 degrees

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4
Q

to position the knee for an oblique (lateral/external) knee, do the following:
______________________________________

A

externally rotate entire leg 45 degrees

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5
Q

for an AP knee, rotate leg _________________ for a true AP or until inter-epicondylar line is (parallel/not parallel) to plane of IR

A

internally 3-5 degrees, parallel

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6
Q

for an AP knee, align CR ________________________________; direct CR to a point ______ distal to the ____ of the patella

A

parallel to articular facets (tibial plateau); 1/2 inch; apex

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7
Q

CR angulation for an AP and oblique(s) knee exam…
thinner patient =
average patient =
thicker patient =

A

thinner patient = 5 caudad
average patient = 0
thicker patient = 5 cephalad

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8
Q

What is a “thinner”/”average”/”thicker” patient measurements when measuring for AP and oblique knee exams?

A

less than 19 cm = thinner
19-24 cm = average
greater than 24 = thicker

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9
Q

in an AP knee, the ______________ joint space should be (open/closed)

A

femorotibial; open

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10
Q

in an AP knee, the femorotibial joint space should be open with the articular facets of the tibia seen on end with only _____________________________

A

minimal surface area visualized

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11
Q

in an AP knee, the medial half of the fibular (head/base) (should/should not) be superimposed by the tibia

A

head; should

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12
Q

for an oblique (medial/internal) knee, direct the CR ___________

A

1/2 inch distal to apex of patella

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13
Q

for an oblique (lateral/external) knee, direct the CR ___________

A

1/2 inch distal to apex of patella

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14
Q

in an oblique (medial) knee, the patella superimposes __________

A

the medial femoral condyle

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15
Q

in an oblique (medial) knee, the __________________ are well demonstrated and the _________________ appear unequal

A

lateral condyles of the femur and tibia; medial and lateral knee joint spaces

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16
Q

in an oblique (medial) knee, the fibula is shown (with/without) superimposition. Approximately ____ of the patella should be seen free of superimposition by the femur

A

without; half

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17
Q

in an oblique (medial) knee, the tibiofibular articular is (open/closed)

A

open

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18
Q

in an oblique (lateral) knee, direct the CR ________

A

1/2 inch distal to apex of patella

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19
Q

in an oblique (lateral) knee, the patella superimposes the _____________

A

lateral femoral condyle

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20
Q

in an oblique (lateral) knee, the _____________ and ____ are seen in profile

A

medial condyles of femur, tibia

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21
Q

in an oblique (lateral) knee, the proximal fibula (is /is not) superimposed by the proximal tibia

A

is

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22
Q

in an oblique (lateral) knee, approximately ____ of the patella should be seen free of superimposition by the femur

A

half

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23
Q

a lateral knee utilizes the _________ projection

A

mediolateral

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24
Q

for a lateral knee in the lateral recumbent position, the knee is to be flexed ____ degrees with the affected side ____

A

20-30 degrees; down

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25
what is an alternative for a lateral knee if patient is unable to flex the knee?
horizontal beam
26
a true lateral knee has the femoral epicondyles ____________ and plane of patella is ________
directly superimposed; perpendicular to the plane of the IR
27
the CR angulation on a lateral recumbent knee should be __________
5-7 degrees cephalad
28
Direct CR to ________________ for lateral knee (both lateral recumbent and horizontal beam)
1 inch distal to medial epicondyle
29
in a lateral knee, the _____________ should be open
patellofemoral and knee joints
30
over rotation in a lateral knee will show ________________
less superimposition of fibular head
31
under rotation in a lateral knee will show ________________
more superimposition of fibular head
32
a true lateral knee without rotation shows ____________________ of the femoral condyles ___________
posterior borders, directly superimposed
33
in a lateral knee, the 5-7 degree angulation of the CR causes:
direct superimposition of distal borders of the condyles
34
for an AP femur (proximal and distal), CR is directed _________
midpoint of femur/IR
35
for an AP femur, the lower IR margin should be approximately _________ below knee joint
2 inches
36
in an AP femur, the knee joint (will/will not) appear open. The patella will be ____________
will not; slightly medial
37
kVp range for AP and lateral femur
75-85 kVp
38
a lateral recumbent femur (should/should not) be attempted in a trauma
should not
39
knee flexion for lateral recumbent femur
45 degrees
40
for a lateral femur, CR is directed _________
perpendicular to femur and directed to midpoint of IR
41
a true lateral femur will have ___________ and _______________
anterior and posterior margins of medial and lateral femoral condyles superimposed; open patellofemoral joint space
42
a lateral recumbent femur will have a ________ projection
mediolateral
43
the upper IR margin on a lateral femur should be at the _____
ASIS
44
AP weight-bearing knees will have the CR at this angle
perpendicular to the IR
45
where is the CR directed with an AP weight bearing knee?
between the knees, 1/2 inch distal to patella apex
46
in an AP knee, the patella is just __________ to the femoral patellar surface and _____________ to midline of the knee
proximal, slightly lateral
47
what is the SID for Merchant Board sunrise patella?
48 or 72 inch SID
48
kVp range for Camp Conventry method
70-80 kVp
49
Camp Conventry: patient is _____. Flex knee _________. CR: caudad angle ________________
prone, 40-50 degrees, to match the flexion of the knee
50
for Camp Coventry, the CR is directed at __________
popliteal crease
51
CR angle for PA patella
perpendicular to IR
52
CR angle for lateral patella
perpendicular to IR
53
where is the CR directed entered at for a lateral patella?
mid-patellofemoral joint
54
where is the CR directed entered at for a PA patella?
mid-popliteal/midpatella area
55
for a true PA patella, the inter-epicondylar line is __________ to the IR; how is this achieved?
parallel; rotating knee 5 degrees internally (similar to an AP knee)
56
how many inches of overlap is necessary for femur exams?
at least 2 inches
57
AP proximal femur positioning -Make sure pelvis (is/is not) rotated (_____________) -Rotate leg __________ to place the femoral neck _______to IR for a true AP of the proximal femur -Place top of cassette to the level of _________
-is not (ASISs equidistant from table) -15-20° internally, parallel -Place top of cassette to the level of the ASIS
58
in an AP proximal femur, the obturator foramen should be ____
open
59
AP distal/mid femur positioning -Rotate affected leg _____________ so that the ___________________
medially 5º; epicondyles are parallel with the IR
60
the AP femur will show the _________ the lateral femur will show the ___________
AP = greater trochanter lateral = lesser trochanter
61
kVp range for Beclere method
65-80 kVp
62
Positioning for Beclere method: Flex knee __________ (place support under IR as needed to place it firmly against the posterior thigh and lower leg)
45-50º
63
CR angle for Beclere method
approx. 40-45 cephalad, directed perpendicular to lower leg
64
CR centering for Beclere method
1/2 inch distal to apex of patella
65
Positioning for a lateral patella ___________ projection femoral epicondyles _________________; plane of patella _____________to plane of IR flexed knee at ____________
mediolateral directly superimposed; perpendicular flexed knee at 5-10 degrees
66
What are the 2 intercondylar fossa views we covered in lecture?
Camp Coventry, Beclere
67
PA weight-bearing knees will have the CR at this angle
10 degrees caudad (PA only; AP is perpendicular)
68
Hughston is method for what type of exam?
patella tangential/sunrise
69
Camp Conventry is method for what type of exam?
intercondylar fossa
70
Merchant board is method for what type of exam?
patella tangential/sunrise
71
Settegast is method for what type of exam?
patella tangential/sunrise
72
Positioning for Hughston exam
patient prone, knee flexed 50-60 degrees from full extension
73
CR angle for Hughston method
45 degrees cephalad
74
CR entrance for Hughston method
tangential to patellofemoral joint
75
Positioning for Settegast exam
patient either prone or sitting -knee at least 90 degree flexion for prone -knee “90 degree flexion” for seated (less in real life)
76
CR angle for Settegast method (specifically for the prone position)
15-20 degrees tangential to patellofemoral joint space
77
CR angle for Settegast method (as learned at clinical for seated position)
15-20 degrees tangential to patellofemoral joint space **not in textbook, but from clinical & for memory's sake = crosshairs of light beam at patellofemoral joint space (107 degrees cephalic)
78
Positioning for merchant board exam
Place patient in supine position on the table with legs hanging off of the end and knees flexed 40º resting on the Merchant Board distal femurs resting on tabletop; knees and feet together
79
CR entrance for Merchant board exam
midway between patellae (bilateral)
80
CR angle for Merchant board exam
caudad, 30 degrees from horizontal plane (CR 30 deg. from femur)
81
What muscle must be relaxed for a Merchant Board exam? Why?
Quadriceps femora muscles, to prevent subluxation of the patellae. Can be pulled into the intercondylar sulcus/groove —> false reading
82
Camp Coventry positioning
Patient prone, knee flexed 40-50 degrees
83
CR angle for Camp Coventry
40-50 degrees caudad (perpendicular to lower leg)
84
CR entrance for Camp Conventry
Center to knee joint emerging at distal margin of patella
85
Positioning for Holmbald method
Patient on all fours or partially standing; kneeling on board, weight on opposite leg Lean patient forward 20-30 degrees
86
CR angle for Holmbald method
Perpendicular
87
CR entrance for Holmbald method
Midpopliteal crease
88
Positioning for Hobbs method
Patient sitting on chair/table with board under knees; feet slightly underneath chair/table
89
CR angle for Hobbs method
Perpendicular to IR
90
CR entrance for Hobbs method
Mid patellofemoral joint
91
SID considerations for Hobbs and Merchant exam
Increase to reduce magnification

w.RADT 132: Procedures II (9 decks)

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