spine (l-spine, sacrum, coccyx) Flashcards by Sydney Luella

where does xiphoid tip correlate?

T9-10

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where does lower costal margin correlate to?

L2-3

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where does the Iliac crest correlate?

L4-5

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where does the ASIS correlate?

S1-2

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AP lumbar SID

40 inches

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positioning for AP lumbar spine; why?

supine, flex knees and hips; to reduce lordotic curve

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CR entrance for AP lumbar spine with a 14x17 field

L4-5 (iliac crests)

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CR entrance for AP lumbar spine with a 11x14 field

L3 (lower costal margins)

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CR angle for AP lumbar spine

perpendicular to IR

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Eval criteria for AP lumbar spine
-__ through __
-Spinous processes equal distance from the _________
-(Open/closed) intervertebral joint spaces
-Lateral margins of the ______________

T12 through S1, pedicles, open, psoas muscle

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AP/PA Obliques lumbar spine SID

40 inches

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rotation for oblique lumbar spine

45 degrees

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positioning for AP Oblique lumbar spine

rotate 45 degrees, bend knees, bring arm further from IR across the chest

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CR entrance for AP oblique lumbar spine

L3 (lower costal margin), 1-2 inches above iliac crest and 2 inches medial to ASIS

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CR angle for AP oblique lumbar spine

perpendicular

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___________ are best visualized with an AP/PA oblique lumbar spine image

zygapophyseal joints

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Scotty dog: what is the ear?

superior articular process

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Scotty dog: what is the nose?

transverse process

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Scotty dog: what is the eye?

pedicle

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Scotty dog: what is the neck?

pars interarticularis

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Scotty dog: what is the leg?

inferior articular process

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Scotty dog: what is the “line behind the ear”?

zygapophyseal joints

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Eval criteria for Oblique l spine
-___ to ___
-Zygapophyseal joints closest to the IR _______
-Appearance of the __________
-Posterior edge of the pedicle situated in the ________________

T12 to S1, open, Scotty Dog, center of the vertebral body

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Lateral l-spine SID

40 inches

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positioning for lateral l-spine

lateral recumbent, flex knees, support between knees/ankles; may place radiolucent support under waist to keep parallel

CR entrance for lateral l-spine on 14x17

L4-5 (iliac crests)

CR entrance for lateral l-spine on 11x14

L-3 (1.5 inches above the iliac crest)

CR angle for lateral l-spine

perpendicular

Eval criteria for lateral l-spine -___ to __ -Posterior-lateral aspect of vertebral bodies __________ -Open __________________ and _______

T12 to S1, superimposed, intervertebral foramen and disk spaces

SID for lumbar flex/extension

40 inches

positioning for lumbar flex/ext.

prefer standing, but can be done recumbent

CR entrance for lumbar flex/ext. 14x17 field

to fusion site if known; level of iliac crest (L4-5)

CR angle for lumbar flex/ext.

perpendicular

respiration for lumbar spine flex/ext

full expiration

respiration for lateral l-spine

full expiration

respiration for oblique l-spine

full expiration

respiration for AP l-spine

full expiration*

keep the _____________ during lumbar flex/ext. studies

pelvis stationary

SID L5/S1 Spot l-spine

40 inches

CR entrance for L5/S1 Spot l-spine

1.5 inferior to iliac crest and 2 inches posterior to ASIS

CR angle for L5/S1 Spot l-spine

perpendicular; 5-8 caudad if a "hippy" patient

Eval criteria for L5/S1 Spot l-spine -L-5 vertebral body, first two sacral segments, and an opened L5-S1 joint space -No rotation indicated by ____________________ and _____________

superimposed posterior vertebral bodies and greater sciatic notches

Eval criteria for L5/S1 Spot l-spine -__________________, _________________________, and an ______________________-- -No rotation indicated by superimposed posterior vertebral bodies and greater sciatic notches

L-5 vertebral body, first two sacral segments, and an opened L5-S1 joint space

SID for AP axial sacrum

40 inches

CR angle for AP axial sacrum

15 degrees cephalic

CR entrance for AP axial sacrum

at MSP 2 inches above pubic symphysis

Eval criteria AP axial sacrum -Entire Sacrum -SI joints -______ intervertebral joint space -No rotation indicated by mid sagittal crest in alignment with the coccyx and symphysis pubis / No motion -______________________ are not superimposed

L5-S1, sacral foramen and pubis

SID for AP axial coccyx

40 inches

CR angle for AP axial coccyx

10 degrees caudal

CR entrance for AP axial coccyx

at MSP 2 inches above pubic symphysis

Eval criteria for AP axial coccyx (1 of 2) -Entire Coccyx -No rotation / No motion -Coccyx free of superimposition and projected (inferior/superior) to pubis -Coccyx should appear equidistant ___________________ -Segments of the coccyx should appear open. If not, either they could be fused, or the CR angle can be increased due to greater curvature of the coccyx

superior, to the walls of the pelvic opening,

Eval criteria for AP axial coccyx (2 of 2) -Segments of the coccyx should appear (open/closed). If not, either they could be ______, or the CR angle can be ______________________

open, fused, increased due to greater curvature of the coccyx

how do you prep patient for sacrum/coccyx if you can?

have patient urinate to create uniform background

lateral sacrum/coccyx visualizes ____________

sacrum, L5-S1 joint space, and coccyx

CR angle for lateral sacrum/coccyx

perpendicular

CR entrance for lateral sacrum/coccyx

3-4 inches posterior to ASIS

Eval criteria for lateral sacrum/coccyx -Sacrum, _____ joint, and coccyx visualized -No rotation indicated by _____________ -No motion

L5-S1, greater sciatic notches and femoral heads

scoliosis curvature: up to 10 degrees

normal variation

scoliosis curvature: 20 degrees of less

mild curve

scoliosis curvature: 25-40 degrees

moderate curve

scoliosis curvature: 50 degrees or greater

severe curve

AP scoliosis series SID

40-60 inches

lower margin of IR for AP scoliosis series

1-2 inches below iliac crest

CR angle for AP scoliosis series

perpendicular

CR entrance for AP Scoliosis series

at MSP

Eval Criteria for AP Scoliosis -Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae including ____________ -No rotation indicated by_____________ aligned with the vertebral midline and symmetry of the _________ and _____ -Collimate to ROI

1-2 inches below the iliac crest; spinous processes, iliac wings (ala) and upper sacrum

lateral scoliosis series SID

40-60 inches

place the ________ side of the curve against the IR; why?

convex side "outward side", beam divergence

for lateral scoliosis series, set lower margin of the IR _______________________

1-2 inches below the iliac crest

CR angle for lateral scoliosis

perpendicular

respiration for lateral scoliosis

expiration

respiration for AP scoliosis

expiration

respiration for AP axial sacrum

suspend respiration

respiration for AP axial coccyx

suspend respiration

respiration for lateral sacrum/coccyx

suspend respiration

how do you determine if you use a perpendicular vs 5-8 degree caudal angle on a L5-S1 spot?

interiliac line

spine (l-spine, sacrum, coccyx) Flashcards

(76 cards)