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RADT 132: Procedures II > spine (l-spine, sacrum, coccyx) > Flashcards

spine (l-spine, sacrum, coccyx) Flashcards

1
Q

where does xiphoid tip correlate?

A

T9-10

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2
Q

where does lower costal margin correlate to?

A

L2-3

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3
Q

where does the Iliac crest correlate?

A

L4-5

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4
Q

where does the ASIS correlate?

A

S1-2

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5
Q

AP lumbar SID

A

40 inches

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6
Q

positioning for AP lumbar spine; why?

A

supine, flex knees and hips; to reduce lordotic curve

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7
Q

CR entrance for AP lumbar spine with a 14x17 field

A

L4-5 (iliac crests)

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8
Q

CR entrance for AP lumbar spine with a 11x14 field

A

L3 (lower costal margins)

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9
Q

CR angle for AP lumbar spine

A

perpendicular to IR

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10
Q

Eval criteria for AP lumbar spine
-__ through __
-Spinous processes equal distance from the _________
-(Open/closed) intervertebral joint spaces
-Lateral margins of the ______________

A

T12 through S1, pedicles, open, psoas muscle

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11
Q

AP/PA Obliques lumbar spine SID

A

40 inches

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12
Q

rotation for oblique lumbar spine

A

45 degrees

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13
Q

positioning for AP Oblique lumbar spine

A

rotate 45 degrees, bend knees, bring arm further from IR across the chest

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14
Q

CR entrance for AP oblique lumbar spine

A

L3 (lower costal margin), 1-2 inches above iliac crest and 2 inches medial to ASIS

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15
Q

CR angle for AP oblique lumbar spine

A

perpendicular

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16
Q

___________ are best visualized with an AP/PA oblique lumbar spine image

A

zygapophyseal joints

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17
Q

Scotty dog: what is the ear?

A

superior articular process

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18
Q

Scotty dog: what is the nose?

A

transverse process

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19
Q

Scotty dog: what is the eye?

A

pedicle

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20
Q

Scotty dog: what is the neck?

A

pars interarticularis

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21
Q

Scotty dog: what is the leg?

A

inferior articular process

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22
Q

Scotty dog: what is the “line behind the ear”?

A

zygapophyseal joints

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23
Q

Eval criteria for Oblique l spine
-___ to ___
-Zygapophyseal joints closest to the IR _______
-Appearance of the __________
-Posterior edge of the pedicle situated in the ________________

A

T12 to S1, open, Scotty Dog, center of the vertebral body

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24
Q

Lateral l-spine SID

A

40 inches

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25
Q

positioning for lateral l-spine

A

lateral recumbent, flex knees, support between knees/ankles; may place radiolucent support under waist to keep parallel

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26
Q

CR entrance for lateral l-spine on 14x17

A

L4-5 (iliac crests)

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27
Q

CR entrance for lateral l-spine on 11x14

A

L-3 (1.5 inches above the iliac crest)

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28
Q

CR angle for lateral l-spine

A

perpendicular

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29
Q

Eval criteria for lateral l-spine

-___ to __
-Posterior-lateral aspect of vertebral bodies __________
-Open __________________ and _______

A

T12 to S1, superimposed, intervertebral foramen and disk spaces

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30
Q

SID for lumbar flex/extension

A

40 inches

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31
Q

positioning for lumbar flex/ext.

A

prefer standing, but can be done recumbent

32
Q

CR entrance for lumbar flex/ext. 14x17 field

A

to fusion site if known; level of iliac crest (L4-5)

33
Q

CR angle for lumbar flex/ext.

A

perpendicular

34
Q

respiration for lumbar spine flex/ext

A

full expiration

35
Q

respiration for lateral l-spine

A

full expiration

36
Q

respiration for oblique l-spine

A

full expiration

37
Q

respiration for AP l-spine

A

full expiration*

38
Q

keep the _____________ during lumbar flex/ext. studies

A

pelvis stationary

39
Q

SID L5/S1 Spot l-spine

A

40 inches

40
Q

CR entrance for L5/S1 Spot l-spine

A

1.5 inferior to iliac crest and 2 inches posterior to ASIS

41
Q

CR angle for L5/S1 Spot l-spine

A

perpendicular; 5-8 caudad if a “hippy” patient

42
Q

Eval criteria for L5/S1 Spot l-spine
-L-5 vertebral body, first two sacral segments, and an opened L5-S1 joint space
-No rotation indicated by ____________________ and _____________

A

superimposed posterior vertebral bodies and greater sciatic notches

43
Q

Eval criteria for L5/S1 Spot l-spine
-__________________, _________________________, and an ______________________–
-No rotation indicated by superimposed posterior vertebral bodies and greater sciatic notches

A

L-5 vertebral body, first two sacral segments, and an opened L5-S1 joint space

44
Q

SID for AP axial sacrum

A

40 inches

45
Q

CR angle for AP axial sacrum

A

15 degrees cephalic

46
Q

CR entrance for AP axial sacrum

A

at MSP 2 inches above pubic symphysis

47
Q

Eval criteria AP axial sacrum
-Entire Sacrum
-SI joints
-______ intervertebral joint space
-No rotation indicated by mid sagittal crest in alignment with the coccyx and symphysis pubis / No motion
-______________________ are not superimposed

A

L5-S1, sacral foramen and pubis

48
Q

SID for AP axial coccyx

A

40 inches

49
Q

CR angle for AP axial coccyx

A

10 degrees caudal

50
Q

CR entrance for AP axial coccyx

A

at MSP 2 inches above pubic symphysis

51
Q

Eval criteria for AP axial coccyx (1 of 2)
-Entire Coccyx
-No rotation / No motion
-Coccyx free of superimposition and projected (inferior/superior) to pubis
-Coccyx should appear equidistant ___________________
-Segments of the coccyx should appear open. If not, either they could be fused, or the CR angle can be increased due to greater curvature of the coccyx

A

superior, to the walls of the pelvic opening,

52
Q

Eval criteria for AP axial coccyx (2 of 2)
-Segments of the coccyx should appear (open/closed). If not, either they could be ______, or the CR angle can be ______________________

A

open, fused, increased due to greater curvature of the coccyx

53
Q

how do you prep patient for sacrum/coccyx if you can?

A

have patient urinate to create uniform background

54
Q

lateral sacrum/coccyx visualizes ____________

A

sacrum, L5-S1 joint space, and coccyx

55
Q

CR angle for lateral sacrum/coccyx

A

perpendicular

56
Q

CR entrance for lateral sacrum/coccyx

A

2-3 inches posterior to ASIS

57
Q

Eval criteria for lateral sacrum/coccyx
-Sacrum, _____ joint, and coccyx visualized
-No rotation indicated by _____________
-No motion

A

L5-S1, greater sciatic notches and femoral heads

58
Q

scoliosis curvature: up to 10 degrees

A

normal variation

59
Q

scoliosis curvature: 20 degrees of less

A

mild curve

60
Q

scoliosis curvature: 25-40 degrees

A

moderate curve

61
Q

scoliosis curvature: 50 degrees or greater

A

severe curve

62
Q

AP scoliosis series SID

A

40-60 inches

63
Q

lower margin of IR for AP scoliosis series

A

1-2 inches below iliac crest

64
Q

CR angle for AP scoliosis series

A

perpendicular

65
Q

CR entrance for AP Scoliosis series

A

at MSP

66
Q

Eval Criteria for AP Scoliosis
-Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae including ____________
-No rotation indicated by_____________ aligned with the vertebral midline and symmetry of the _________ and _____
-Collimate to ROI

A

1-2 inches below the iliac crest; spinous processes, iliac wings (ala) and upper sacrum

67
Q

lateral scoliosis series SID

A

40-60 inches

68
Q

place the ________ side of the curve against the IR; why?

A

convex side “outward side”, beam divergence

69
Q

for lateral scoliosis series, set lower margin of the IR _______________________

A

1-2 inches below the iliac crest

70
Q

CR angle for lateral scoliosis

A

perpendicular

71
Q

respiration for lateral scoliosis

A

expiration

72
Q

respiration for AP scoliosis

A

expiration

73
Q

respiration for AP axial sacrum

A

suspend respiration

74
Q

respiration for AP axial coccyx

A

suspend respiration

75
Q

respiration for lateral sacrum/coccyx

A

suspend respiration

76
Q

how do you determine if you use a perpendicular vs 5-8 degree caudal angle on a L5-S1 spot?

A

interiliac line

RADT 132: Procedures II (9 decks)

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