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RADT 132: Procedures II > fluoro > Flashcards

fluoro Flashcards

1
Q

acquiring a single image of a particular structure or structures with no movement involved

A

static imaging

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2
Q

allows for the observation of movement

A

dynamic imaging

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3
Q

ALARA is synonymous with the term ___________________________________

A

optimization for radiation protection (ORP)

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4
Q

3 cardinal principles of radiation protection

A

time, distance, shielding

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5
Q

abdomen regions right to left; most superior

A

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region

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6
Q

abdomen regions right to left; middle region

A

right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region

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7
Q

abdomen regions right to left; most inferior

A

right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

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8
Q

area where common bile duct and main pancreatic duct join together

A

Ampulla of Vater

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9
Q

place where bile/pancreatic enzymes enter the proximal duodenum

A

Sphincter of Odi

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10
Q

lower GI begins at ________

A

jejunum

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11
Q

contrast agents affect _________________ so we can see the tissues of interest better and apart from the surrounding tissues

A

differential absorption

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12
Q

types of contrast media

A

barium sulfate, iodinated media, air

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13
Q

glucagon (is/is not) a contrast agent

A

is not

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14
Q

glucagon is used to_____________ and constrict the gallbladder to ________________

A

slow stomach motility, increase bile flow

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15
Q

Barium taste description…

A

-chalky
-consistency like liquid antacids such as Pepto-Bismol, Maalox, etc.

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16
Q

Barium is ______, (organic/inorganic), ___________ and ____________

A

inert, inorganic, non-iodinated, non-soluble

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17
Q

Barium is a ____________

A

colloidal suspension

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18
Q

barium is a mixture of small particles distributed __________ throughout water

A

evenly

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19
Q

water soluble iodinated contrast media (some not all)

A

Omnipaque
Gastrografin
Gastroview
Gadolinium

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20
Q

_______ barium is good at coating linings of organs

A

thick

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21
Q

iodinated contrast agents are usually classified by its ________: high osmolality or low osmolality

A

molality

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22
Q

esophagram (barium swallow) studies

A

form and function of swallowing aspect of pharynx and esophagus

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23
Q

upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) looks at the _______________

A

distal esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum in one exam

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24
Q

UGI with SBFT

A

-same procedure as UGI, but exam continues until contrast agent reaches ileocecal juncture

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25
Q

small bowel follow through is considered a ____________

A

lower GI tract study

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26
Q

with upper GI with small bowel follow through, do not let the floor nurse _________

A

turn on suction

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27
Q

small bowel will have a “____________” appearance compared to large bowel

A

feathery

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28
Q

no gum chewing and no smoking for ______ prior to exam

A

4 hours

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29
Q

BE pre-exam patient prep
-________________prior to exam
-Bowel-cleansing cathartics
-NPO after ____________
(________ minimum except for pediatric patients)
-No gum chewing
-No smoking
-Enema _________ exam

A

-light evening meal
-midnight, 8 hours
-morning of

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30
Q

ascending/descending colon are more posterior; transverse is more _______

A

anterior

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31
Q

with a BE exam, when a patient is prone, you are going to fill the _____________ (this will be white)

A

transverse colon with contrast

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32
Q

BE positioning visualization
prone = _________ colon
supine = _________ colon

A

prone = transverse colon
supine = ascending/descending colon

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33
Q

how to visualize what position patient is in for a BE? Scotty dog faces the _________

A

downside

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34
Q

LPO visualizes __________ flexure in a BE

A

right colic flexure

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35
Q

RPO visualizes __________ flexure in a BE

A

left colic flexure

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36
Q

what is a t-tube check?

A

a “T” shaped catheter is inserted into the common bile duct after a cholecystectomy if there are concerns for residual or left over stones in the duct.

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37
Q

what does ERCP stand for?

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic pancreatography

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38
Q

the use of a long snake like endoscope that allows for the internal illumination of an internal lining of an organ or cavity

A

ERCP exam

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39
Q

where does the t-tube terminate in a t-tube exam?

A

outside the patient’s body

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40
Q

iodinated contrast studies in HSGs sometimes use ______; it is an oil based contrast rather than a water based one

A

Lipiodol

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41
Q

order of anatomy in duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter, duodenal bulb, D1, D2, D3, D4

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42
Q

where is the Papilla of Vater?

A

in the duodenum in the D2 section

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43
Q

what is the general collimation guidelines for esophragms?

A

5-6” wide, top of light field should be 2” above the patient’s shoulders

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44
Q

esophagram SID for RAO if recumbent; if standing

A

SID 40 for recumbent
SID 72 for standing

45
Q

CR entrance for RAO esophragm

A

level at T-6 (2-3” below jugular notch)

46
Q

what type of contrast should be used if a perforation is suspected?

A

not barium; water soluble contrast

47
Q

SID for AP/PA esophagram; what is it for the lateral?

A

40 recumbent; 72 standing
same for lateral

48
Q

CR centering for lateral esophagram

A

T-6

49
Q

respiration for AP/PA esophagram

A

exposure on full expiration

50
Q

types of procedures to detect esophageal reflux

A

breathing exercises, water test, compression technique, toe-touch

51
Q

what is the Vasalva Maneuver?

A

commonly used to detect reflux; patient is asked to take in a deep breath and then bear down is if trying to move their bowels while holding their breath

52
Q

what is the Mueller Maneuver?

A

patient exhales and then tries to inhale against a closed glottis

53
Q

what position is best for a water test?

A

LAO (per book), facing provider

54
Q

how do you conduct a water test?

A

while supine, the patient drinks water through a straw. A positive test is indicated when barium/water refluxes back into the esophagus

55
Q

toe-touch maneuver: while performing fluoroscopy, the ______________ is monitored while the patient bends over and touches their toes

A

cardiac orifice

56
Q

rotation for LAO/RAO esophagram

A

35-40 degrees

57
Q

a mass of undigested material trapped in the stomach

A

bezoars

58
Q

pouch like herniations

A

diverticula

59
Q

CR centering for AP/PA esophagram

A

T-5 or T-6

60
Q

range of RAO obliquity Upper GI

A

40-70 degrees

61
Q

for a small bowel series/follow through exam, how often do you take images?

A

Images taken 15 to 20 mins for the first hour and shown to the radiologist

Follow up images are then taken at time intervals decided by the radiologist

62
Q

respiration for small bowel series/follow through

A

expiration

63
Q

CR entrance for small bowel series/follow through

A

midline at 2” above the iliac crest for the first hour, and then at the iliac crest after the first hour

64
Q

inflammatory condition of the large intestine

A

colitis

65
Q

outpouching of the mucosal walls

A

diverticula

66
Q

telescoping of one part of the intestines into another

A

intussusception

67
Q

abnormal masses of tissue

A

neoplasms

68
Q

Most carcinomas encircle the lumen of the colon causing an irregular channel. These have been described as ______________ lesions

A

“apple core” or “napkin ring”

69
Q

sac like projections that project into the lumen where diverticula project outward from the lumen wall

A

polyps

70
Q

twisting of a portion of the intestine which leads to a mechanical obstruction

A

volvulus

71
Q

respiration for all barium enema images

A

expiration

72
Q

what is visualized in RAO barium enema image?

A

right colic flexure, ascending colon, sigmoid colon

73
Q

what should be visualized in an RAO Upper GI?

A

entire stomach, C-loop of duodenum

74
Q

what is visualized in LAO barium enema image?

A

left colic flexure, descending colon

75
Q

what is visualized in LPO barium enema image?

A

right colic flexure, ascending colon, sigmoid colon

76
Q

what is visualized in RPO barium enema image?

A

left colic flexure, descending colon

77
Q

CR entrance for AP Axial barium enema image

A

at level 2” below the ASIS at MSP

78
Q

CR angulation for AP Axial barium enema image

A

30-40 cephalic

79
Q

RAO Upper GI for sthenic body types

A

-45-55 degrees obliqued
-CR enters level of L1 (1-2” above lower lateral rib margin between spinal column and upside lateral abdominal margin)

80
Q

CR entering and degree for RAO Upper GI for asthenic body type

A

-40 degrees obliqued
-CR enters 2” below level of L1

81
Q

RAO Upper GI for hypersthenic body type

A

-70 degrees obliqued
-CR enters 2” above level of L1

82
Q

CR entering PA Upper GI for sthenic body type

A

at level of L1 and 1” left of vertebral column

83
Q

CR entering PA Upper GI for asthenic body type

A

2” below level of L1

84
Q

CR entering PA Upper GI for hypersthenic body type

A

2” above the level of L1 (and more midline)

85
Q

Right Lateral Upper GI for sthenic body type

A

At level of L1 at the lower lateral rib margin and 1” to 1.5” anterior to the MCP

86
Q

Right Lateral Upper GI for asthenic body type

A

2” above level of L1

87
Q

Right Lateral Upper GI for hypersthenic body type

A

2” below the level of L1

88
Q

Angle and CR centering for LPO Upper GI for sthenic body type

A

-45 degrees obliqued
-At level of L1 (between the lower lateral rib margin and xiphoid process and between midline of body and left lateral abdominal margin)

89
Q

Degree and CR entering for LPO Upper GI for asthenic body type

A

-30 degrees obliqued
-2” below level of L1 (and more midline)

90
Q

Degree and CR centering for LPO Upper GI for hypersthenic body type

A

-60 degrees obliqued
-2” above the level of L1

91
Q

AP Upper GI for sthenic body type

A

At level of L1
(roughly midway between xiphoid process and lower rib margin) and between the midline and the left lateral margin of the abdomen

92
Q

AP Upper GI for asthenic body type

A

2” below level of L1 (and more midline)

93
Q

AP Upper GI for hypersthenic body type

A

2” above level of L1

94
Q

order of pyloric portion of stomach

A

angular notch, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric orifice (pylorus)

95
Q

thick barium ratios

A

3-4 parts barium sulfate
1 part water

cooked cereal consistency

96
Q

thin barium ratio

A

1 part barium sulfate
1 part water

thin milkshake consistency

97
Q

what is the cecum and what are some characteristics?

A

proximal portion of large intestine; has ileocecal valve, widest portion of the large intestine

98
Q

temperature of contrast for BE

A

85-90 degrees F

99
Q

what sort of lubricant for a BE?

A

water soluble

100
Q

what are double contrast BEs good for?

A

demonstrating polyps and diverticula

101
Q

_________ are the pouches caused by ___________

A

haustra, taeniae coli

102
Q

AP BE CR centering

A

iliac crest

103
Q

RAO BE CR centering

A

iliac crest & 1” left of MSP

104
Q

LAO BE CR centering

A

1-2” above iliac crest & 1” right of MSP

105
Q

LPO/RPO BE CR centering

A

iliac crest & 1” to elevated side

106
Q

lateral rectum BE CR centering

A

level of anterior ASIS

107
Q

right lateral BE CR centering

A

iliac crest

108
Q

left lateral BE CR centering

A

iliac crest

RADT 132: Procedures II (9 decks)

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