hip, pelvis

Question 1

kVp range for AP pelvis; is this the same for laterals?

Answer 1

80-90 kVp; same for laterals

Question 2

CR angle for AP pelvis

Answer 2

perpendicular to IR

Question 3

CR centering for AP pelvis; where is this approximately?**

Answer 3

femoral neck; directed midway between ASIS and symphysis pubis; approx. 2 inches inferior to level of ASIS

Question 4

how much internal rotation of long axes of feet is required on an AP pelvis?

Answer 4

15-20 degrees

Question 5

CR angle for Lauenstein Method

Answer 5

perpendicular to IR

Question 6

CR centering for Lauenstein Method

Answer 6

“through the hip joint”

Question 7

Positioning for Bilateral Modified Cleaves Method
-Pelvis (is/is not) rotated
-Center IR to CR at level of ____________ with top of IR approximately __________
-abduct femur ______ degrees from vertial

Answer 7

-is not
-femoral heads; at level of iliac crest
-40-45 degrees

Question 8

CR angle for Modified Cleaves Method

Answer 8

perpendicular to IR

Question 9

CR centering for Unilateral Modified Cleaves Method

Answer 9

femoral neck

Question 10

what are the four parts of the proximal femur?

Answer 10

head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter

Question 11

the intertrochanteric ____ denotes the boundary between the femoral neck and shaft anteriorly

the intertrochanteric ____ denotes the boundary between the femoral neck and shaft posteriorly

Answer 11

line; crest

Question 12

what does fovea capitis mean?

Answer 12

“pit of the head”

Question 13

________________________________ is the ligament that exits the fovea capitis on the head of the femur

Answer 13

Ligamentum Capitis Femoris (aka Ligamentum Teres)

Question 14

greater trochanter = large prominence located _________________ to the femoral shaft

Answer 14

superiorly and laterally

Question 15

_______ is roughly at the level of the pubic symphysis

Answer 15

greater trochanter

Question 16

________ trochanter is visualized in profile on a true AP hip image

Answer 16

greater

Question 17

_________ trochanter should either not be seen on a true AP of the hip, or only slightly

Answer 17

lesser

Question 18

lesser trochanter = smaller, rounded eminence that lies _______________ at the neck and shaft juncture.

Answer 18

posteriorly and medially

Question 19

what are 2 common physical signs for a femoral neck fracture?

Answer 19

An externally rotated lower extremity with opposite lower limb in a relaxed/neutral position

Foreshortening of the affected extremity compared to the unaffected extremity

Question 20

what happens in an AP hip exam if the long axis of feet are vertical?

Answer 20

some femoral neck foreshortening, lesser trochanter partially visible

Question 21

what happens in an AP hip exam if lower limbs are rotated internally 15-20 degrees?

Answer 21

true AP: femoral heads and neck in profile
lesser trochanters either not visible or only slightly

Question 22

what happens in an AP hip exam if lower limbs externally rotated (relaxed position)

Answer 22

Femoral necks greatly foreshortened
Lesser trochanters highly visible in profile internally

Question 23

CR angle for AP pelvis

Answer 23

perpendicular to IR

Question 24

CR centering for AP pelvis**

Answer 24

centered midway between the ASIS and pubic symphysis at the MSP

Question 25

CR angle for AP Inlet Pelvis

Answer 25

angle 40 degrees caudad

Question 26

CR centering for AP Inlet Pelvis

Answer 26

midline point at level of ASIS

Question 27

CR angle for AP Outlet Pelvis

Answer 27

20-35º for males, cephalic
30-45º for females, cephalic

Question 28

CR centering for AP Outlet Pelvis

Answer 28

midline at a level 2 inches distal to superior margin of the pubic symphysis (or greater trochanters)

Question 29

CR entering for Judet Method (acetabulum)

Answer 29

affected side down = perpendicular and centered to 2 inches distal and 2 inches medial to downside ASIS

affected side up = perpendicular and centered 2 inches directly distal to upside ASIS

Question 30

CR entering for Judet Method (pelvic ring)

Answer 30

perpendicular CR, 2 inches inferior from level of ASIS and 2 inches medial to upside ASIS

Question 31

Evaluation criteria for Judet Method, when centering to downside acetabulum

Answer 31

the anterior rim of the acetabulum is visualized
the posterior ischial column is visualized
the iliac wing is well demonstrated

Question 32

Evaluation criteria for Judet Method, upside acetabulum

Answer 32

the posterior rim of the acetabulum
the anterior iliopubic column
the obturator foramen is visualized

Question 33

“The lesser trochanter should not project beyond the ____________ of the femur; with some patients, only the medial edge of it is seen ___________”

Answer 33

medial border, with sufficient internal rotation

Question 34

AP Axial Outlet projection is also called the ___________

Answer 34

Taylor Method