Bony Thorax

Question 1

What does the bony thorax support?

Answer 1

The walls of the pleural cavity and diaphragm

Question 2

How is the thorax constructed?

Answer 2

So that the volumne of the thoracic cavity can be varied during respiration

Question 3

What does the thorax protect?

Answer 3

Heart and lungs

Question 4

What is the bony thorax formed by?

Answer 4

• 12 pairs of ribs
• 12 thoracic vertebra
• Sternum

Question 5

What is the sternum also known as?

Answer 5

The breastbone

Question 6

Where does the sternum lie?

Answer 6

Over the midline, anterior to the thorax

Question 7

How long is the sternum?

Answer 7

6 inches

Question 8

What are the three parts of the sternum?

Answer 8

• Manubrium
• Body
• Xiphoid process

Question 9

What does the sternum support?

Answer 9

The clavicles at the superior manubrial angles and provides attachments to the costal cartilages of the first 7 ribs

Question 10

What is the superior part of the sternum?

Answer 10

Manubrium

Question 11

How is the manubrium shaped?

Answer 11

Quadrilateral shaped

Question 12

What is the widest part of the sternum?

Answer 12

Manubrium

Question 13

What is the superior border of the manubrium?

Answer 13

Jugular notch

Question 14

Where does the jugular notch lie when pt is upright?

Answer 14

Bestween the 2nd and 3rd thoracic vertebrae

Question 15

What does the manubrium articulate with the clavicle?

Answer 15

Clavicular notch which is an oval articular facet

Question 16

What is the longest part of the sternum?

Answer 16

Body

Question 17

What is the articulation between the sternal body and manubrium?

Answer 17

Sternal angle

Question 18

Where does the sternal angle lie?

Answer 18

Between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae

Question 19

What is the distal and smallest portion of the sacrum?

Answer 19

Xiphoid process

Question 20

How does the xiphoid process change throughout life?

Answer 20

Cartilaginous during childhood and occifies in adulthood

Question 21

Where does the xiphoid process lie when the body is upright?

Answer 21

At T10

Question 22

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 22

12 pairs

Question 23

What do the rib numbers correspond to?

Answer 23

The thoracic bodies they attach to

Question 24

What is the shape of the ribs?

Answer 24

Long, narrow curved bone

Question 25

What type of cartilage is attached to the rib?

Answer 25

Hyaline cartilage called costal cartilage

Question 26

What do the costal cartilages of the first 7 ribs connect to?

Answer 26

Attach directly to the sternum

Question 27

What do the costal cartilages of the 8-12th ribs connect to?

Answer 27

Costal cartilage of the 7th rib

Question 28

What is the difference in position between the anterior end and vertebral ends of the ribs?

Answer 28

Anterior end lie 3-5 inches below the level of the vertebral end

Question 29

What are the first seven ribs called?

Answer 29

True ribs, because the attach directly to the sternum

Question 30

What are ribs 8-12 called?

Answer 30

Flase ribs because they do not attach directly to the sternum

Question 31

What are the last two ribs called?

Answer 31

Floating ribs because they are only attached to vertebrae

Question 32

What are the spaces between the ribs called?

Answer 32

Intercostal spaces

Question 33

What is the shortest and broadest rib?

Answer 33

First rib

Question 34

How does the breadth of the ribs change as the ribs go down?

Answer 34

Breadth gradually decreases to the twelfth rib

Question 35

What is the narrowest rib?

Answer 35

Twelfth rib

Question 36

How does the length of the ribs change as they go down?

Answer 36

Length increases from 1-7, and then gradually decreases

Question 37

What does a typical rib consist of?

Answer 37

Head, flattened neck, tubercle and body

Question 38

Where do the heads of the rib articulate?

Answer 38

At the vertebra bodies

Question 39

Where do the tubercles of the ribs articulate?

Answer 39

With the transverse processes of the vertebra

Question 40

Which ribs do not have a neck or tubercular facet?

Answer 40

11 and 12

Question 41

What are the two ends of the ribs called?

Answer 41

Vertebral end and Sternal end

Question 42

What are the sternoclavicular joints?

Answer 42

The only points of articulations between the upper limbs and trunk

Question 43

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 43

Synovial gliding joint that permits free movement

Question 44

What are the costovertebral joints?

Answer 44

Articulation between the head of the rib and vertebral body

Question 45

What type of joint are the costovertebral joint?

Answer 45

Synovial gliding joint

Question 46

What is the costotransverse joint?

Answer 46

Articulation between the tubercle of the rib and transverse process

Question 47

What type of joint is the costotransverse joint?

Answer 47

A synovial gliding joint which only permit superior and inferior movement

Question 48

What is the chostochondral joint?

Answer 48

Articulations between the anterior ribs and the costal cartilages

Question 49

What type of joint are the costochondral joints?

Answer 49

Cartilaginous synchondroses which allow no movement

Question 50

What are the sternalcostal joints?

Answer 50

Articulations between the costal cartilages of the true ribs and sternum

Question 51

What type of joint is the first sternocostal joints?

Answer 51

Cartilaginous synchondrosis which allow no movement

Question 52

What type of joints are the 2nd-7th sternocostal joints?

Answer 52

Synovial gliding joints and are freely moveable

Question 53

What are the interchondral joints?

Answer 53

Articulations bewteen costal cartilages between the 6-7th, 7th-8th and 8th-9th ribs

Question 54

What type of joints are the interchondral joints?

Answer 54

Synovial gliding joints

Question 55

What type of joint are the interchondral joints bewteen 9th-10th ribs?

Answer 55

Fibrous syndesmosis and are slightly movelable

Question 56

What type of joint is a manubriosternal joint?

Answer 56

Cartilaginous symphysis joint

Question 57

What type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?

Answer 57

Cartaginous synchondrosis joint

Question 58

How are the ribs located above the diaphragm best imaged?

Answer 58

Through air filled lungs on deep inspiration

Question 59

How are the ribs located below the diaphragm best imaged?

Answer 59

Through the upper abdomen on deep expiration

Question 60

What is the position of the diaphragm in hypersthenic patients?

Answer 60

At a high level

Question 61

What is the position of the diaphragm in asthenic patients?

Answer 61

At a low level

Question 62

How does the position of the diaphragm change with body position?

Answer 62

Diaphragm is lowest when upright and highest when supine

Question 63

How much does the diaphragm move between inspiration and expiration?

Answer 63

Approximately 1.5 inches

Question 64

How is deeper inspiration/expiration and greater movement of the diaphragm achieved?

Answer 64

On the second respiratory movements

Question 65

To separate the thoracic vertebrae and sternum, how should the body be rotated?

Answer 65

Body rotated from the prone position or medially angle the CR

Question 66

What does the degree of angulation for the sternum depend on?

Answer 66

Depth of the chest - Deep chests require less rotation - Shallow chests require more rotation

Question 67

What breathing technique is best in sternal projections?

Answer 67

Shallow breathing to eliminate confusing markings on the sternum

Question 68

How should the exposure time change is motion is required?

Answer 68

Exposure time long enough to cover several phases of shallow respiration

Question 69

How should the mA be adjusted for long exposure times?

Answer 69

mA kept low

Question 70

How can you prevent pendulous breasts from overlapping the sternum?

Answer 70

Drawing the breasts to the side