Digestive System

Question 1

What are the two parts of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Consists of two parts: accessory glands and alimentary canal

Question 2

What are the accessory glands?

Answer 2

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas which secrete digestive enzymes

Question 3

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

A musculomembranous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

Question 4

What are the parts of the alimentary canal?

Answer 4

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus

Question 5

What happens in the mouth?

Answer 5

Food is masticated and converted into a bolus by insalivation

Question 6

What are the organs of swallowing?

Answer 6

Phaynx and esophagus

Question 7

Where does the digestive process begin?

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

Where is the digestive process completed?

Answer 8

Small intestine

Question 9

What is the first division of the digestive system?

Answer 9

Mouth

Question 10

What is the esophagus?

Answer 10

A long, muscular tube that carries food and saliva from the layrgopharynx to the stomac

Question 11

How long is the adult esophagus?

Answer 11

10 inches long and 3/4 inches in diameter

Question 12

Where does the esophagus begin?

Answer 12

At the level of C6 and extends to T10/11

Question 13

Where does the esophagus terminate?

Answer 13

At the cardiac opening of the stomach

Question 14

Where does the esophagus pass the diapgragm?

Answer 14

At the esophageal hiatus at the level of T10

Question 15

Where does the esophagus join the stomach?

Answer 15

Esophogastric junction at the level of T11

Question 16

What is the expanded portion of the terminal esophagus?

Answer 16

Cardiac antrum

Question 17

What are the proximal and distal ends of the esophagus bordered by?

Answer 17

Sphincters

Question 18

What is the upper esophageal sphincter?

Answer 18

Junction between the pharynx and esophagus and prevents air from getting into the esophagus

Question 19

What happens when the UES is relaxed?

Answer 19

It lets trapped air escape via burping

Question 20

Where does the stomach lie?

Answer 20

Between the esophagus and small intesting

Question 21

What are the four parts of the stomach?

Answer 21

• Cardia
• Fundus
• Body
• Pyloric portion

Question 22

What is the cardia?

Answer 22

Section immediately surrounding the esophageal opening

Question 23

What is the fundus?

Answer 23

Superior portion of the stomach that expands superiorly and fills the dome of the left hemidiaphragm

Question 24

When the patient is upright, what is the fundus usually filled with?

Answer 24

Air, known as the gas bubble

Question 25

What is the body of the stomach?

Answer 25

Descends from the fundus at the level of the cardiac notch

Question 26

What is the inner mucosal layer of the body called?

Answer 26

Rugae, which are longitudinal folds that smooth when the stomach is full

Question 27

What is the pyloric portion?

Answer 27

Distal portion of the stomach which consists of the pyloric antrum

Question 28

What is the right border of the stomach called?

Answer 28

Lesser curvature

Question 29

What is the left border of the stomach called?

Answer 29

Greater curvature

Question 30

What is the opening between the esophagus and stomach called?

Answer 30

Cardiac orifice

Question 31

What is the muscle controlling the cardiac oriface called?

Answer 31

Cardia sphincter or lowe esophageal spinchter

Question 32

What is the opening between the stomach and small intestine?

Answer 32

Pyloric orifice

Question 33

What is the muscle that controls the pyloric oriface?

Answer 33

Pyloric spinchter

Question 34

In hyperstenic patients where does the stomach lie?

Answer 34

Almost horizontal and high

Question 35

In asthenic patients where does the stomach lie?

Answer 35

Vertical with a low position

Question 36

What function does the stomach have?

Answer 36

- Serves as storage area for food - Breakdown of food chemically

Question 37

Where does the small intestine run?

Answer 37

BEtween the pyloric sphincter of the stomach and ilieocecal value of the large intesting

Question 38

What occurs in the small intestine?

Answer 38

Digesting and absorption

Question 39

What is the length of the adult large intesting?

Answer 39

22 feet with a diminishing diameter

Question 40

What do the mucosa of the small intestine contain?

Answer 40

Villi, which are fingerlike projections that help in digestion and absorption

Question 41

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 41

- Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum

Question 42

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 42

8-10 inches

Question 43

What is the widest part of the intestine?

Answer 43

Duodenum

Question 44

What course does the duodenum follow and what are its four regions?

Answer 44

C-shaped course and its regions are superior, descending, horizontal and ascending

Question 45

What is the first segment of the duodenum called?

Answer 45

Duodenal bulb

Question 46

Where does the duodenum join the jejunum?

Answer 46

At the duodenojejunal flexure

Question 47

What lies in the second portion of the duodenum?

Answer 47

Duodenal loop

Question 48

What portion of the small intestine does the jejunum make up?

Answer 48

two-fifts

Question 49

What portion of the small intestine does the ileum make up?

Answer 49

three fifths

Question 50

Where does the large instestine run?

Answer 50

At the junction of the iluem (ileocecal valve) and ends at the anus

Question 51

What are the 4 main parts of the large intestine?

Answer 51

- Cecum - Colon - Rectum - Anal canal

Question 52

How long is the large instestine?

Answer 52

5 feet with a diameter smaller than the small intestine

Question 53

What are the haustra of the large intestine?

Answer 53

Series of pouches formed by the taeniae coli

Question 54

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 54

Reabsorption of fluids and elimination of waste

Question 55

What is the cecum?

Answer 55

A pouchlike portion of the large intestine that sits between the ileum and the colon

Question 56

How long is the cecum?

Answer 56

2.5 inches

Question 57

What is attached to the posteomedial side of the cecum?

Answer 57

Vermiform appendix, which is a narrow worm-like tube that's around 3 inches

Question 58

What is the ileocecal valve?

Answer 58

Junction of the ascending colon and cecum

Question 59

What are the subdivisions of the colon?

Answer 59

Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

Question 60

What is the angle between the ascending colon and transverse colon?

Answer 60

Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

Question 61

What is the andle between the transverse colon and descening colon?

Answer 61

Left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

Question 62

Where does the rectum extend?

Answer 62

From the sigmoid colon to the anal canal

Question 63

Where does the anal canal terminate?

Answer 63

Anus, which is the external aperture of the large intestine

Question 64

How long is the rectum?

Answer 64

6 inches

Question 65

In hypersthenic patients how does the large intestine lie?

Answer 65

Positioned around the periphery of the abdomen and may require more images to see its length

Question 66

In asthenic patients what is the postion of the large intestine?

Answer 66

Bunched together and postioned low in the abdomen