booots- GI exam 2

Question 1

what are the H2 antagonist for ulcers?

Answer 1

cimetidine

ranitidine & nizatidine

famotidine

Question 2

which _H2 agonis_t for anti-ulcers has the lowest potency?

Answer 2

cimetidine

Question 3

what is the PGE analog used in preventing and treating NSAID ulcers?

Answer 3

misoprostol (cytotec)

Question 4

what is the most effective, enzyme inhibitor for treating ulcers?

Answer 4

omeprazole

Question 5

in an acidic environment this drug will be activated and will bind to ulcerated muscosal surfaces to provide physical protectin

Answer 5

sucralfate

Question 6

what are the two prokinetic dopamine antagonists?

Answer 6

metoclopramide: small animals

domperidone: equine

Question 7

T/F: Metoclopramide acts centrally and peripherally and is also a cholinergic agonist in the GI tract?

Answer 7

**True: **stimulates gastric motility and can also be an anti-emetic

Question 8

T/F Domperidone has more penetration into the CNS than metoclopramide?

Answer 8

FASLE- Domperidone has **less **penetration into the CNS than metoclopramide?

Question 9

which one posses cholinergic activity?

metoclopramide or domperidone?

Answer 9

metoclopramide

Question 10

what are the prokinetic serotonin agonists?

Answer 10

cisapride

mosapride

Question 11

what prokinetic serotonin agonist is availble by compounding and has a prokinetic effect on ALL parts of the GI tract?

Answer 11

cisapride

Question 12

what prokinetic is a macrlide antibiotic that also binds with smooth muscle motilin to enchance gastric emptying

Answer 12

eryhtromycin

Question 13

what are the two prokinetic H2 receptor antagonist?

Answer 13

ranitidine

nizatidine

stimulate GI motility and increase gastric emptying, LES tone, also have some cholinergic activity, mostly in canines

Question 14

ranitidine and nizatidine as prokinetics have some cholinergic acitivity..what does this mean?

Answer 14

inhibit Acetylcholinesterase to inrease the amount of ACH

Question 15

what are the two antidiarrheal opiods?

Answer 15

Diphenoxylate

Loperamide

these drugs work on central and peripheral opoid R to inhibit propulsive motility, i_ncrease segnmental motility_ and decrease secretion to INHIBIT defecation reflex

Question 16

which opiod anti-diarrheal has a faster onset, longer duration and greater efficacy and doesn’t cross the BBB??

loperamide or diphenoxylate

Answer 16

loperamide

Question 17

loperamide is kept out of the CNS by being pumped from P-glycoprotein so what patients should not be given this drug?

Answer 17

don’t use in patients with a mutation in MDR1 gene such as collies, they have a higher risk of CNS side effects

Question 18

what are the anti-diarrheal GI protectents and adsorbents?

Answer 18

• magnesium trisilicate, hydrated aluminin suilicate
• actiavted charcoal
• bisuth subsalicylate (pepto). cleaved product is absorved so can be toxic in cats

Question 19

what are the **anti-diarrheal ** anticholinergics?

Answer 19

• tertiary: atropine
• quaternary: aminopentamide..less side effects

these drugs block M1 R in the GIT to inhibit motility and secretion. DONT USE IN HORSES

Question 20

what are the emollient laxatives and what is their MOA?

Answer 20

• **lubricants: **mineral oil & white petrolium
• **anionic surfactants: **docusate sodium

they act as mechanical or lubrcant laxatives, or fecal softerners

Question 21

what are the ** simple bulk laxatives** and what is their MOA?

Answer 21

psylium, methycellulose, plantago seed

they adsorb water and swell, stimulating reflexive peristalic movement in the GIT

Question 22

what are the osmotic cathartics and what is their MOA?

Answer 22

they are nonadsorbed compounds that attract water into the intestinal lumen by osmotic effect and stimulate peristalic activty

* lactulose, polyethylene glycols (miralax), sorbital, mg salts, milk of mg*

Question 23

what are the irritant cathartics and what is their MOA?

Answer 23

they irritate the GI muscosa and stimulate peristalic activity and increased secretions

bisacodyl, anthraquinones, castor oil

Question 24

what types of enemas should not be used in cats?

Answer 24

**DO NOT USE **phosphate-containing enemes in cats

Question 25

giving an **enema** does what the colon and initiates what?

Answer 25

enemas **distend **the colon and **initiate **the defication reflex, it also introduces fluid to mix *plain warm water, sorbitol, NaCl*

Question 26

what are the **pancreatic enzyme supplemnts**

Answer 26

**viokase** **pancreazyme** **raw chopped pancrease**

Question 27

which one has **better efficacy** and **high concentration of pancreatic enzymes** and is more **$** viokase or pancreazyme

Answer 27

**viokase**

Question 28

what two drugs can treat **hepatic DZ**?

Answer 28

**lactulose** **ursodiol (UDCA)**

Question 29

what drug can be used in treatment of **hepatic encephalopathy **both orally and as a retention enema?

Answer 29

**Lactulose** *when lactulose reaches the colon, microbes convert it to lactic acid which causes NH3 to form NH4 which is ionized and stuck inthe lumen and secreted in the feces* **great example of ion trapping**

Question 30

what drug is a **bile acid ** that primarily acts as a *choleretic *which causes increased secrtion of bily and may be useful in inflamm liver dz?

Answer 30

**ursodiol** *may interfere with bile acid tests. don't use if bile obstruction*