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pharm 2 > shockry parasites > Flashcards

shockry parasites Flashcards

1
Q

5 MOA’s of antiparasitic drugs

A
  1. inhibition of NM blockers
  2. inhibition of nueronal system
  3. inhibiton of energy metabolism
  4. damaage membrane integrity
  5. inhibition of reproduction
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2
Q

competitive NM blockers

A

piperazine

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3
Q

Depolarizing NM blockers

A

levamisole

pyrantal

morantel

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4
Q

cholinesterase inhibitors

A

dichlorvos

trichlorfon

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5
Q

Activates G-protein couples R in LAT-1 and LAT-2 at NM junction increase release or inhibitory neuropeptides causing paralysis of somatic muscles and pharngeal pump resulting in death of parasite

A

emodepside..combo with praziquantail as spot on

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6
Q

inhibition of Neuronal system- bind to GABA and/or glutamate-gated Cl channels which

  1. increase cl membrane causing flaciid paralysis of somathic muscles
  2. inhibits egg production of parasite
A

MACROCYTIC LACTONES

  • avermectins
  • milbemycins
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7
Q

inhibit enegy metabolism by:

  1. bind to tubulin of parasite disrupting cell division
  2. deplete glycogen reserves tue to inhibit fumurate reductase and block mitchondrial function- parasitic death
A

BENZIMIDAZOLES- albendazole

ANTITREMATODAS - clorsulon

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8
Q

damage membrane integrity by:
1. release Ca+ from parasite muscle cell storage

  1. ionic changes
A

Praziquantel

Espsiprantel

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9
Q

inhibit reproduction

A

Anitprotozoals- inhibit growth

benzimidazoles- ovicidal and larvicidal

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10
Q

Anticoccidials (Eimeria & Isospora)

A
  1. amprolium
  2. decoquinate
  3. ionophore
  4. sulfonamides
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11
Q

anticoccidial

AMPROLIUM

A
  • inhibits thiamine transport
  • used to prevent coccidioses
  • approved in laying birds
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12
Q

anticoccidial

DECOQUINATE

A
  • inhibits mitochondrial electron transport
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13
Q

anticoccidial

IONOPHORE

A

monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, narasin

  • prevent coccidioses
  • growth promoting feed-additive
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14
Q

anticoccidial

SULFONAMIDES

A
  • sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfametazine*
  • *** ***treat outbreaks and prevention*
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15
Q

Giardiasis Drugs

A
  • metronidazole
  • benzimidazoles *NO bots
  • quinacrine
  • furazolidone
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16
Q

giardia

METRONIDAZOLE

A

DOC for anaerobes only (inhibit reductase/DNA synthesis)

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17
Q

giardia

BENZIMADZOLES

A
  • albendazole– no GRUBS
  • fenbendazole

NO BOTS

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18
Q

giadia

FURAZOLIDONE

A

use for PREGOS!

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19
Q
A
  • metronidazole= DOG
  • furazolidone- pregos
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20
Q

Balantidiasis

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Tetracycline- inhibit 30S
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21
Q

Trichomoniasis

A
  • Metronidazole (dogs, horses)
  • ​Cliquinol (diarrhea in horses)
  • Carnidazole (pigeon canker
  • )
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22
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A
  • Clindamycin=DOC cat/dog
  • Sulfonamides
  • Potentiated sulfonamides
    • pyrimethamine
    • trimethoprim
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23
Q

histomonas meleagridis

A
  • Organic arsenicals
    • carbarsone, roxarsone, nitrarsone
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24
Q

Babesiosis in horses

A

Imidocarb

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25
Q

anaplasmosis

A

oxytetracyline

26
Q

Sarcocystis neurona (EPM)

A
  • Nitrazoxanide
  • ponazuril
  • diclazuril
  • trimpethprim
  • pyrimethamine
  • vit E orally
27
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

DMSO

Flunixin

glucocorticoids

28
Q

cryptosporidiosis

A
  • paromomycin
  • azithromycin
  • nitazoxanide
29
Q

Anti-trematodals

A
  • Clorsulon
    • liver fluke (F.hepatica)
  • Albendazole
    • liver fluke, cestorse and nematodes of GI and lungs in cattle

*THESE ACTS ONLY ON ADULTS, SO MUST REPEAT

30
Q

Anti- cestodals

A
  • Dichlorophene
  • Praziquantel
  • epsisprantel
  • fenbenazole
31
Q

anit-cestode

DICHLOROPHENE

A

DOG/CAT

Taenia & Dipylidium

32
Q

anti-cestode

PRAZIQUANTEL

A

DOGS-DOC

Taenia pisiformis dip caninum, echinoccosus granulosis

HORSES- also effective against Anoplocephala

33
Q

anti-cestode

ESIPRANTEL

A

DOG/CAT

Taenia and Diplidium

34
Q

anti-cestode

FENBENDZOLE

A

DOGS

hooks, whips, taenia pisiformis

NO DIPYLIDIUM

35
Q

Avermectins

A
  • Ivermectin- oral or injectible (cattle/swine)
  • Eprinomectin- pour on, apprived in beef & airy
  • Doramectin- IM or SQ cattle
  • Selamectin **** dog,cat, topical

NO FLUKES

horse, cattle, pig, SHEEP, dog/cat

36
Q

AVERMECTINS: ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin

Horses

A

Gi roundworms, lungworms and bots

oral

37
Q

Avermectins: Ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin

Cattle

A

GI roundworms, lungworms, grubs, lice, mites/scabies

38
Q

Avermectins ; ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin

pigs

A

GI roundworms, lungworms, lice, mange mites

39
Q

avermectins: ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin

dog/cat

A

tissue stage of heartworm, PREVENT ONLY. NOT TREAT. elimiate larvae

40
Q

Avermectin; vermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin

SHEEP

A

GI roundworm, lungworms, and nasal bots*

41
Q

avermectin- SELAMECTIN

A

approved dog, cats > 6 weeks, applied topically monthly

  • kill adult fleas and prevent flea eggs from hatching
  • prevents heartworm
  • sarcoptic mange and ticks
  • intestinal hooks and rounds worms
  • ear mite
42
Q

MILBEMYCINS

A
  • milbemycin oxime
  • moxidectin
43
Q

Miblemycin- Miblemycin oxime

INTERCEPTOR

A

approved in dogs > 8 weeks

  • ​​prevent heart worm
  • prevent hook, round, whips
44
Q

Milbemycin- Moxidectin

A

pour on in cattle, oral in horses and dogs

  • internal and external parasite control of cattle and horses
  • prevent heartworm in dogs–
45
Q

broad spectrum- BENZIMIDAZOLES

A
  • albendazole- cattle
  • fenbendazole- dogs, horses, swine, *LACTATING CATTLE
  • oxfendazole- horses, bef cattle
  • oxibendazole- horses and dogs
46
Q

benzimidazoles- albendazole

A

approved in cattle, DO NOT USE IF PREGO

  • GI roundworms, lungworms, tapeworms, adult liver flukes
47
Q

benzimidazoles- fenbendazole

A

approved in dogs, horses, swine, cattle AND LACTATING CATTLE*

  • ​dogs: ascarids, hooks, whips, tapes
  • horses: broad-spectrum
  • cattle: GI round, lung, moniezia benedini
48
Q

benzimadazoles- oxfendazole

A

approved in horses and BEEF cattle

  • adult moniezia bendini
49
Q

benzimidazole- oxibendazole

A

approved in horses and dogs

borad spectrum against GI roundworms

50
Q

broad spectrum- IMIDATHIAZOLES

A
  • febantel: horses, dogs,cats
  • Levamisole” cattle, sheep, swine * narrow safety margin
51
Q

Imidathiozoles- febantel

A

approved in horses, dogs, and cats

  • probenzimidazole
  • broad spectrum antinematodal actiity, wide safety margin
52
Q

imidathiazoles- levamisole

A

approved in cattle, sheep and swne * narrow saftery margin

  • acts against GI roundsworms and lungworms
  • administered orally , sq and topcailly
53
Q

broad spectrum- TETRAHYDROPYRIMIDINES

A
  • pyranitel: dog, horse, pigs
  • morantel: goats and cattle * INCLUDING LACTATING CATTLE
54
Q

tetrahydrophyrimidines- PYRANTEL

A

dog: large roundworms, hooks
horses: pinworms, rounworms, stronglyes, and tapeworms @ large doses**
swine: large roundworms and nodular worms

55
Q

tetrahydropyrimidines- MORANTEL

A
  • cattle, including lactating dairy cattle
  • goats against GI nematodes
56
Q

broad spectrum- ORGANOPHOSPHATES

A
  • Dichlorvos:
    • swine: GI nematodes
    • dogs: rounds,hooks, whips
    • cats: rounds and hooks
57
Q

narrow spectrum- anthelmintics

A

Piperazine:

  • approved in chd, turkeys, swine, horse, dogs and cats for txt of large roundworms
    horses: also strongles and pin worms
    swine: also nodular worms
58
Q

HEARTWORM- ADULTCIDIAL THERAPY

A

Melarsomine: dogs IM, no cats!!

  • strict rest for 3-4 weeks
59
Q

heartworm- MICROFILARICIDAL

A
  • ivermectin = HEARTGUARD
  • milbemycin= INCTERCEPTOR

  • use 3-4 weeks after adulticidie therapy*
  • SE: circulatory collapse*
60
Q

heart worm- PREVENTION

A
  • ivermectin
  • milbemycin oxime
  • moxidectin
  • selamectin

pharm 2 (11 decks)

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