shockry ruminants, repro, hormones Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
how do you close the esophageal groove?
A
oral copper sulfate (5% calves, 2% lambs)
oral sodium bicarbonate (10% calves)
milk
2
Q
how do you treat rumen bloat?
A
poloxalene
docusate sodium
(they reduce surface tensions causing release of gas from rumen fluid)
3
Q
how do you treat rumen atony(stasis)
A
cholinergics: bethanechol and neostigmine SQ ONLY
bitter: ginger, capsicum, methyl salicylate
magnesium hydroxide: anatacid, laxataive, adsorbent
4
Q
how do you treat rumen acidosis?
A
balanced diet
+
magnesium salts
+
soidum bicarb IV
+ fluids
5
Q
how do you treat urea poisoning?
A
Acetic acid with 5% vinegar and COLD water
6
Q
how to you treat bovine ketosis?
A
IV: Glucose 50%, fructose, sorbitol,
PO: propylene gllycol, ammonium lactate, sodium proprionate
7
Q
What does Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) aka LH do in large animals?
A
- txt follicular cysts in cattle
- induce ovulation in mare
- stimulate testosterone secreteion for presence of a testicle
8
Q
What does Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) aka LH do in small animals?
A
- txt follicular cyst in bitches
- induce ovulation in cats
- cryptochidism in dogs
9
Q
what does equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) aka FSH do?
A
- stimulates follicular growth in anestrous animals
- FSH/hCG combo induces estrus in prepuberal gilts
- induction of superovulation in cattle with PGF2
10
Q
what does Gonadorelin and Deslorelin do in large animals?
A
- follicular cyst in cattle
- boosting luteal formation
- induce ovulation in mare(D)
11
Q
what does Gonadorelin and Deslorelin do in small animals?
A
- follicular cysts in bithces
- increase libido in males
- DX LH & testosterone deficiency
* * acts more like LH effects, but shorter actions which is less antigenic so it can be better*
12
Q
what are the 3 androgesn?
A
- testosterone esters (synovex)
- trenbolone (finaplex-H)
- mibolerone (cheque)
13
Q
what are the these ANDROGENS used for??
- testosterone esters (synovex)
- trenbolone (finaplex-H)
- mibolerone (cheque)
A
- ID cows in estrus
- growth promotor implaints in feedlots
- tx of andorgen deficiency (alopeica) in Castrated male
- suppression of estrus in dogs (M & testosterone)
- psuedoprego in bitche (M & testosterone)
14
Q
what are the anabolic steroids?
A
- stanozolol-Dogs, cats and horses
- Boldenone- horses
15
Q
what are the anabolic steroids used for??
- stanozolol- dog/cat/horse
- boldenone-horse
A
- improve athletic performance in horse
- cachexia & debilitating dz
- appetite stimulant long term
- nonspecific adjunctive therapy in sm. animals
- during tissue repair
16
Q
what are the adverse effects of androgens and anabolic steroids?
A
- infertility
- masculinization
- clit enlargment in small animals
- aggression
- sodium and water retentions
- hepatotoxicty
17
Q
what are the estradiol esters?
A
- cypionate
- propinate
- benzoate
- valerate
18
Q
what is the synthetic nonseteroidal estrogen?
A
DES
19
Q
what is the mycotoxin estrogen?
A
zeranol
20
Q
in large aniamsl, estradiol is used in combo with progesterone or testosterone for ??
A
growth promotion in cattle
21
Q
in large animals, zeranol is used for what?
A
- growth promotion in cattle and sheep
22
Q
in large aniamls, estradiol valeration (luteolytic) is used in combo with progestin for?
A
estruc synchronization in cattle
23
Q
why are estrogens used in small animals?
A
- mismatchihngs (for antidinatory activity) in dogs & cats (not recommended)
- urinary inconteinence, dermatitis, vaginitis
- iduction of estrus (w/o ovulation in bitches)
- antagonists to androgens in prostate hypetrophy in tumors and anal adenoma
24
Q
what are adverse effects of estrogen?
A
- ovarian suppression followed by follicular cysts
- vaginal/uterine prolapse
- aplastic anemia and leukopenia
- bone fractures
- feminization of male
- pyometra is used in mismatching small animals
25
what are all the progestins?
* megestrol acetate (bitche)
* hydroxyprogesterone caproate (cats)
* altrenogest (mares)
* norgestomet implants (cattle)
* medroxyprogestrone acetate (cattle)
* progesterole CIDR (cattle insert druge release)
26
Progestins
suppression of esturs and synchronization of estrous cycle
* progesterone CIDR
* altregogest -mares
* norgestomet implains and norgest- heifers
27
progestin
growth promotrs in cattle?
* progesterone-estradiol benzoate
* melengesterol
28
progestin
premature labor in mares?
altrenogest
29
progestin -small animals
contraception and suppression of estrus?
megestrol acetate in bithces
30
progestins-small aniamls
behvaioral probelms and urination in male cats?
hydroxyprogestone caproate
medroxyprogesterone aceta
31
side effects of progestins
* pyometra
* cystic endometrial hyperplase (CEH) \* most serious repro prob in biches
* mammory gland enlargment and tumors
* increased appetite
* weight gain
* lethargy
* temperament and coat change
* hyperglycemia and maybe diabetes mellitus
* inhibition of adrenal cortex
* clinical signs of acromegally ( due to stim of GH)
* progestores therapy during prego may delay or prevent partuirtion and produce masculinzation of female fetuses
32
what are the prostaglandins F2?
* dinoprost Tromethamine -cattle, mares, sows
* cloprostenol- cattle= S
* fenprostalene- cattle=S
* fluprostenol- mares=S
33
MOA of prostaglandin F2
* Activating protein kindase C and inhibit steroid synthesis
* increase intracellular free Ca mediates cell death and regression of CL
* decrease in serum progesterone
34
clincal uses of PGF2 in large animals?
* abortifacient in cattle from day 7-150 of gestation) CL dependent
* induction of parturition in swine & cattle
* expulsion of mummified fetus and treatment of pyo
* synchonization of estrus in cattle
* treatment of silent estrus & pyo in cattle
35
clinical uses of PGF2 in small animals?
* txt of uterine infections
* mismatching in the bitch
36
PGF2 adverse effects in small animals
* salivation, vomit, colic and diarrhea
* anxiety, pyrexa, hyperpnea and ataxia
* admin atropine before reduces SE
 ![Image result for small animal vomit]()
37
PGF2 side effects in horse
* sweating and colic ![Image result for horse sweating]() ![Image result for horse colic]()
![Image result for horse sweating]() ![Image result for horse colic]()
38
what are the uterine stimulant?
* oxytocin
* Prolactin Inhibitors
* bromocriptine
* cabergoline
* ergonovine
39
what is Oxytocin used for? 
*contracts SM of mammary gland and can be used to help with TXT of mastitis*
* induction of parturition
* induction of milk-let down
* expulsion of placents
* expulsion of eggs in birds and reptiles
* decrease post-partum bleeding
DO NOT USE IF CLOSED CERVIX
40
what are Bromocriptine and Cebergoline used for?
*Act as dopamine agonists and inhibit prolacting causing luteolysis...(prolacting is during 2nd half of diestrus)*
* mismatching in bitch and queen
* pseudoprego in bitch or queen
**cabergoline **is more effect and has fewer side effevts that bromocriptine
41
bromocriptine and cabergoline side effets
* vomit
* anorexia
* depression
* behavioral changes
42
psuedoprgo treatment
* none
* sedative (NOT DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS)
* water deprivation or furosemide (diuretic) to dcrease milk production
* androgens or estrogens to inhibit prolatin
* testosterone
* mibolerone
* DES
* USE these dopamine agonists
* bromocriptine
* cabergoline
43
induced abortion options
first 150 days?
5-8 months?
last month?
* 1st 150 days
* PGF2 or anolog
* 5-8 moths
* comobo of PGF2 and dexamethasone
* last month
* either dex or PGF2 alone
44
induction of parturition of cows
![Image result for cows]()
* glucocorticoids
* PGF2
45
induction of parturition in mares
* oxytocin (DES or estradiol cypionate can be used in CLOSED cervix 12-24 hrs befor oxytocin)
46
induction of parturition of SOW
* PGF2a followed by oxytocin or PGF2 alone
47
induction of parturition of small animals
oxytocin
48
expulsion of placent and TxT of pyometra
* oxytocin
* PGF2
* ergonovine
* bromocriptine
49
tocolytics (uterus relaxation)
*inhibits oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions*
* B2 agonists: terbutaline, ritodine
* magnesium sulfate
* inhalation anesthesitcs
50
Treatment of Aglactica (inability of produce milk
dopamine antagonist such as pehnothizaines, metoclopramine and domperidone (*stimulate prolactin secretion and milk production)*
DOPERIDONE (EQUI-TOX) IS THE BEST
51
how to treat benign prostate hyertrophy in dogs
* occurs in older dogs \> 5 yrs*
* may be cuased by androgen therapy*
* castration
* megesterol acetate --\> inhibits gonadotropins 
* finasteride --\> inhibits enzyme 5 alpha reducatiase ![Image result for finasteride tablets]()
* GnRH antagonist
* large dose of GnRH agonist
52
chemical castration in dogs
* zince glucocante neutralized with arginine (neutersol) ![Image result for neutersol]()
* approved in dogs for chemical castration of pups 3-10 months old by injection of tests*
53
how to make a horse ejactulate
* tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) such as IMIPRAMINE (tofranil) 
* alpha 2 agonist such as xylazine 
* PGF2alpha
54
Somatotropin (growth hormone) for large animals uses
* human, bovine, porcine
* increase mild production
* enhance growth
55
Adverse effects of Somatotropin (growth hormones) in large animals
* mastitis
56
clincial uses for somtotropin in small animals
* pituitary dwarfism in dogs 
* GH-responsive dermatosis
57
Adverse effects of Somatotropin (growth hormones) in small animals
* diabetes mellitus
* hypersensitivity reactions
