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pharm 2 > shockry ruminants, repro, hormones > Flashcards

shockry ruminants, repro, hormones Flashcards

1
Q

how do you close the esophageal groove?

A

oral copper sulfate (5% calves, 2% lambs)

oral sodium bicarbonate (10% calves)
milk

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2
Q

how do you treat rumen bloat?

A

poloxalene

docusate sodium

(they reduce surface tensions causing release of gas from rumen fluid)

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3
Q

how do you treat rumen atony(stasis)

A

cholinergics: bethanechol and neostigmine SQ ONLY

bitter: ginger, capsicum, methyl salicylate
magnesium hydroxide: anatacid, laxataive, adsorbent

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4
Q

how do you treat rumen acidosis?

A

balanced diet

+

magnesium salts

+
soidum bicarb IV

+ fluids

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5
Q

how do you treat urea poisoning?

A

Acetic acid with 5% vinegar and COLD water

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6
Q

how to you treat bovine ketosis?

A

IV: Glucose 50%, fructose, sorbitol,

PO: propylene gllycol, ammonium lactate, sodium proprionate

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7
Q

What does Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) aka LH do in large animals?

A
  1. txt follicular cysts in cattle
  2. induce ovulation in mare
  3. stimulate testosterone secreteion for presence of a testicle
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8
Q

What does Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) aka LH do in small animals?

A
  1. txt follicular cyst in bitches
  2. induce ovulation in cats
  3. cryptochidism in dogs
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9
Q

what does equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) aka FSH do?

A
  1. stimulates follicular growth in anestrous animals
  2. FSH/hCG combo induces estrus in prepuberal gilts
  3. induction of superovulation in cattle with PGF2
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10
Q

what does Gonadorelin and Deslorelin do in large animals?

A
  1. follicular cyst in cattle
  2. boosting luteal formation
  3. induce ovulation in mare(D)
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11
Q

what does Gonadorelin and Deslorelin do in small animals?

A
  1. follicular cysts in bithces
  2. increase libido in males
  3. DX LH & testosterone deficiency
    * * acts more like LH effects, but shorter actions which is less antigenic so it can be better*
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12
Q

what are the 3 androgesn?

A
  • testosterone esters (synovex)
  • trenbolone (finaplex-H)
  • mibolerone (cheque)
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13
Q

​what are the these ANDROGENS used for??

  • testosterone esters (synovex)
  • trenbolone (finaplex-H)
  • mibolerone (cheque)
A
  1. ID cows in estrus
  2. growth promotor implaints in feedlots
  3. tx of andorgen deficiency (alopeica) in Castrated male
  4. suppression of estrus in dogs (M & testosterone)
  5. psuedoprego in bitche (M & testosterone)
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14
Q

what are the anabolic steroids?

A
  • stanozolol-Dogs, cats and horses
  • Boldenone- horses
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15
Q

what are the anabolic steroids used for??

  • stanozolol- dog/cat/horse
  • boldenone-horse
A
  1. improve athletic performance in horse
  2. cachexia & debilitating dz
  3. appetite stimulant long term
  4. nonspecific adjunctive therapy in sm. animals
  5. during tissue repair
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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of androgens and anabolic steroids?

A
  • infertility
  • masculinization
  • clit enlargment in small animals
  • aggression
  • sodium and water retentions
  • hepatotoxicty
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17
Q

what are the estradiol esters?

A
  • cypionate
  • propinate
  • benzoate
  • valerate
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18
Q

what is the synthetic nonseteroidal estrogen?

A

DES

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19
Q

what is the mycotoxin estrogen?

A

zeranol

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20
Q

in large aniamsl, estradiol is used in combo with progesterone or testosterone for ??

A

growth promotion in cattle

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21
Q

in large animals, zeranol is used for what?

A
  • growth promotion in cattle and sheep
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22
Q

in large aniamls, estradiol valeration (luteolytic) is used in combo with progestin for?

A

estruc synchronization in cattle

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23
Q

why are estrogens used in small animals?

A
  • mismatchihngs (for antidinatory activity) in dogs & cats (not recommended)
  • urinary inconteinence, dermatitis, vaginitis
  • iduction of estrus (w/o ovulation in bitches)
  • antagonists to androgens in prostate hypetrophy in tumors and anal adenoma
24
Q

what are adverse effects of estrogen?

A
  • ovarian suppression followed by follicular cysts
  • vaginal/uterine prolapse
  • aplastic anemia and leukopenia
  • bone fractures
  • feminization of male
  • pyometra is used in mismatching small animals
25
Q

what are all the progestins?

A
  • megestrol acetate (bitche)
  • hydroxyprogesterone caproate (cats)
  • altrenogest (mares)
  • norgestomet implants (cattle)
  • medroxyprogestrone acetate (cattle)
  • progesterole CIDR (cattle insert druge release)
26
Q

Progestins

suppression of esturs and synchronization of estrous cycle

A
  • progesterone CIDR
  • altregogest -mares
  • norgestomet implains and norgest- heifers
27
Q

progestin

growth promotrs in cattle?

A
  • progesterone-estradiol benzoate
  • melengesterol
28
Q

progestin

premature labor in mares?

A

altrenogest

29
Q

progestin -small animals

contraception and suppression of estrus?

A

megestrol acetate in bithces

30
Q

progestins-small aniamls

behvaioral probelms and urination in male cats?

A

hydroxyprogestone caproate

medroxyprogesterone aceta

31
Q

side effects of progestins

A
  • pyometra
  • cystic endometrial hyperplase (CEH) * most serious repro prob in biches
  • mammory gland enlargment and tumors
  • increased appetite
  • weight gain
  • lethargy
  • temperament and coat change
  • hyperglycemia and maybe diabetes mellitus
  • inhibition of adrenal cortex
  • clinical signs of acromegally ( due to stim of GH)
  • progestores therapy during prego may delay or prevent partuirtion and produce masculinzation of female fetuses
32
Q

what are the prostaglandins F2?

A
  • dinoprost Tromethamine -cattle, mares, sows
  • cloprostenol- cattle= S
  • fenprostalene- cattle=S
  • fluprostenol- mares=S
33
Q

MOA of prostaglandin F2

A
  • Activating protein kindase C and inhibit steroid synthesis
  • increase intracellular free Ca mediates cell death and regression of CL
  • decrease in serum progesterone
34
Q

clincal uses of PGF2 in large animals?

A
  • abortifacient in cattle from day 7-150 of gestation) CL dependent
  • induction of parturition in swine & cattle
  • expulsion of mummified fetus and treatment of pyo
  • synchonization of estrus in cattle
  • treatment of silent estrus & pyo in cattle
35
Q

clinical uses of PGF2 in small animals?

A
  • txt of uterine infections
  • mismatching in the bitch
36
Q

PGF2 adverse effects in small animals

A
  • salivation, vomit, colic and diarrhea
  • anxiety, pyrexa, hyperpnea and ataxia
  • admin atropine before reduces SE

37
Q

PGF2 side effects in horse

A
  • sweating and colic

38
Q

what are the uterine stimulant?

A
  • oxytocin
  • Prolactin Inhibitors
    • bromocriptine
    • cabergoline
  • ergonovine
39
Q

what is Oxytocin used for?

A

contracts SM of mammary gland and can be used to help with TXT of mastitis

  • induction of parturition
  • induction of milk-let down
  • expulsion of placents
  • expulsion of eggs in birds and reptiles
  • decrease post-partum bleeding

DO NOT USE IF CLOSED CERVIX

40
Q

what are Bromocriptine and Cebergoline used for?

A

Act as dopamine agonists and inhibit prolacting causing luteolysis…(prolacting is during 2nd half of diestrus)

  • ​mismatching in bitch and queen
  • pseudoprego in bitch or queen

**cabergoline **is more effect and has fewer side effevts that bromocriptine

41
Q

bromocriptine and cabergoline side effets

A
  • vomit
  • anorexia
  • depression
  • behavioral changes
42
Q

psuedoprgo treatment

A
  • none
  • sedative (NOT DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS)
  • water deprivation or furosemide (diuretic) to dcrease milk production
  • androgens or estrogens to inhibit prolatin
    • testosterone
    • mibolerone
    • DES
  • USE these dopamine agonists
    • bromocriptine
    • cabergoline
43
Q

induced abortion options

first 150 days?

5-8 months?

last month?

A
  • 1st 150 days
    • PGF2 or anolog
  • 5-8 moths
    • comobo of PGF2 and dexamethasone
  • last month
    • either dex or PGF2 alone
44
Q

induction of parturition of cows

A
  • glucocorticoids
  • PGF2
45
Q

induction of parturition in mares

A
  • oxytocin (DES or estradiol cypionate can be used in CLOSED cervix 12-24 hrs befor oxytocin)
46
Q

induction of parturition of SOW

A
  • PGF2a followed by oxytocin or PGF2 alone
47
Q

induction of parturition of small animals

A

oxytocin

48
Q

expulsion of placent and TxT of pyometra

A
  • oxytocin
  • PGF2
  • ergonovine
  • bromocriptine
49
Q

tocolytics (uterus relaxation)

A

inhibits oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions

  • B2 agonists: terbutaline, ritodine
  • magnesium sulfate
  • inhalation anesthesitcs
50
Q

Treatment of Aglactica (inability of produce milk

A

dopamine antagonist such as pehnothizaines, metoclopramine and domperidone (stimulate prolactin secretion and milk production)

DOPERIDONE (EQUI-TOX) IS THE BEST

51
Q

how to treat benign prostate hyertrophy in dogs

A
  • occurs in older dogs > 5 yrs*
  • may be cuased by androgen therapy*
  • castration
  • megesterol acetate –> inhibits gonadotropins
  • finasteride –> inhibits enzyme 5 alpha reducatiase
  • GnRH antagonist
  • large dose of GnRH agonist
52
Q

chemical castration in dogs

A
  • zince glucocante neutralized with arginine (neutersol)
  • approved in dogs for chemical castration of pups 3-10 months old by injection of tests*
53
Q

how to make a horse ejactulate

A
  • tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) such as IMIPRAMINE (tofranil)
  • alpha 2 agonist such as xylazine
  • PGF2alpha
54
Q

Somatotropin (growth hormone) for large animals uses

  • human, bovine, porcine
A
  • increase mild production
  • enhance growth
55
Q

Adverse effects of Somatotropin (growth hormones) in large animals

A
  • mastitis
56
Q

clincial uses for somtotropin in small animals

A
  • pituitary dwarfism in dogs
  • GH-responsive dermatosis
57
Q

Adverse effects of Somatotropin (growth hormones) in small animals

A
  • diabetes mellitus
  • hypersensitivity reactions

pharm 2 (11 decks)

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