Bovine diseases

Question 1

Neospora can lead to what cx

Answer 1

• abortion
• calves will have brain disease at birth
• Still birth or premature calf

Question 2

What agents cause Leptospirosis?

Answer 2

Leptospira Hardjo and Leptospira Pomona

Question 3

How long can Leptospira survive in the environment?

Answer 3

can survive for weeks in water and soil

Question 4

What animals are affected by Leptospira?

Answer 4

rats, cows, goats and sheep

Question 5

Leptospira affects which body system?

Answer 5

urogenital tract

Question 6

Is Leptospira zoonotic?

Answer 6

YES

Question 7

What clinical signs can be seen with Leptospirosis in cows?

Answer 7

• abortion (6-12 weeks after the initial infection)

Question 8

Does Lepto affect calves or/and adult cows?

Answer 8

Just adult cows

Question 9

What kind of virus is BVDv?

Answer 9

a pestivirus

Question 10

BVDv affects which animals?

Answer 10

cattle and some ruminant species

Question 11

Which body systems does BVD affect?

Answer 11

• lymphoreticular
• reproduction
• GI (enteritis)
• skin (mucosal disease)
• lower respiratory

Question 12

Is there vertical transmission in BHV?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

Is there vertical transmission in Lepto?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Is there vertical transmission with BVD?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

How is BHV spread?

Answer 15

• semen of infected bull
• respiratory secretions

Question 16

Some clinical signs of BHV?

Answer 16

• nasal and ocular discharge
• IBR (tracheitis)
• conjunctivitis
• pyrexia
• coughing

Question 17

Clinical signs of BVD

Answer 17

• may show FEW cx
• immunosuppression
• abortion or PI or mummification (depends when it affects pregnancy)

Question 18

What is mucosal disease?

Answer 18

• a fatal form of BVD infection in persistently infected calves leading to profuse enteritis

Question 19

How do you test for lepto?

Answer 19

maternal and foetal serology

Question 20

How do you test for BHV?

Answer 20

Take milk antibody titres

Question 21

How do you treat BHV?

Answer 21

supportive care ie NSAIDs, you could also vaccinate DIVA the cows without symptoms

Question 22

How do you control for BHV?

Answer 22

• prevent recrudescence (ie. decrease stress)
• vaccinate with the DIVA vaccines
• reduce nose to nose contact
• accredited free
• Vaccinated monitored free

Question 23

What kind of treatment is available for BHV?

Answer 23

• supportive treatment

Question 24

What kind of antibiotic may you use in Leptospirosis?

Answer 24

Historically streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin as does not come up in Ab testing of milk- but should use oxytet and amoxicillin!

Question 25

What should you do with PI (BVD)

Answer 25

- remove them from herd as soon as possible

Question 26

Can you treat BVD or acute mucosal disease

Answer 26

no treatment, can give supportive tx like NSAIDs and fluids?

Question 27

How can you test for BVD in a herd?

Answer 27

- test bulk milk tank every 3 months

Question 28

How do you control for BVD?

Answer 28

- ear tags, take a bit of tissue and test for BVD antigen - vaccinate for BVD - monitor bulk milk tank - cull PIs

Question 29

What causes Johnes disease?

Answer 29

MAP *mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

Question 30

Is Johnes disease zoonotic?

Answer 30

No but may be linked to Crohne's disease in humans

Question 31

MAP can survive in the environment for how long?

Answer 31

18months

Question 32

When do you typically see clinical signs of Johnes in cattle?

Answer 32

2-5 years old

Question 33

BVD- horizontal or vertical transmission?

Answer 33

both

Question 34

Johnes disease- horizontal or vertical transmission?

Answer 34

Both

Question 35

clinical signs of Johnes

Answer 35

pipestream diarrhoea wasting/ weight loss despite good appetite if it leads to PLE---> bottle jaw

Question 36

What is the tx for Johnes disease?

Answer 36

No treatment - need to cull!

Question 37

Johnes disease can lead to another disease...

Answer 37

Protein losing enteropathy--> bottle jaw

Question 38

What is the type of agent that causes Neospora ?

Answer 38

Neospora Caninum- protozoa

Question 39

What species are affected by Neospora Caninum?

Answer 39

cattle and dogs

Question 40

What body system does Neospora Caninum affect?

Answer 40

the reproductive tract

Question 41

What body system does Johnes affect?

Answer 41

the GI

Question 42

Is Neospora zoonotic?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

How is Neospora Caninum spread?

Answer 43

infected faeces, placental tissues and in utero

Question 44

What stage of gestation does Neospora Caninum affect causing abortion?

Answer 44

mid gestation (6 months)

Question 45

vertical or horizontal transmission in Neospora Caninum?

Answer 45

both

Question 46

Is there any treatment for Neospora?

Answer 46

no

Question 47

How do you prevent Neospora Caninum from infecting cattle?

Answer 47

Keep cattle food and water away from canids, dispose of placental membranes and aborted fetuses and dead calves properly, cull seropositve cows or breed them to beef bulls

Question 48

Can you vaccinate for Lepto?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

Why do we want to vaccinate for Lepto if cows get better by themselves.

Answer 49

because it is zoonotic!