Brain and Blood Supply

Question 1

What structures are part of the forebrain?

Answer 1

• Cerebrum (cerebral cortex; white matter; basal nuclei)
• Diencephalon (thalamus; hypothalamus; epithalamus)

Question 2

What structures are part of the midbrain

Answer 2

Mesencephalon

Question 3

What structures are part of the hindbrain?

Answer 3

• Pons; cerebellum; Medulla Oblongata

Question 4

What structures are in the brainstem? What is the importance of the brainstem?

Answer 4

• Mesencephalon (midbrain)
• Pons (hindbrain)
• Medulla Oblangata (hindbrain)

*important passageway between cerebrum and both cerebellum and body; contains nuclei of many cranial nerves

Question 5

Pons and Medulla Oblongata contain autonomic centers related to

Answer 5

Blood pressure; HR; breathing

Question 6

Identify the whole orange structure? What are the arrows pointing to?

Answer 6

Medulla Oblongata

• Pyramids

Question 7

Identify “A”

Answer 7

pons

Question 8

Where does the crossing over of axons occur in order for the right side of the brain to control the left side of the body

Answer 8

Decussation of pyramids in medulla oblongata

Question 9

Identify the structure in the area of the star and what the star is pointing to

Answer 9

• Cerebellum
• arbor vitae (white matter)

* also surrounding the cerebellum is cerebellar cortex (gray matter)

Question 10

What is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 10

“fine-tunes” motor movements initiated in the cerebrum

Question 11

In the cerebral cortex, what are the folds called? What are the grooves called?

Answer 11

• Folds: Gyri
• Grooves: Sulci

Question 12

Identify

Answer 12

Longitudinal fissure: splits brain into left and right hemispheres

Question 13

Identify

Answer 13

Central sulcus

Question 14

Identify the sulcus this artery is running in

Answer 14

Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

Question 15

Identify the turquoise line

Answer 15

Transverse sulcus

Question 16

What is the corpus callosum

Answer 16

tract of white matter connecting the left and left hemispheres; facilitates interhemispheric communication

Question 17

Identify

Answer 17

insula

Question 18

Name the four cerebral lobes (not including insula)

Answer 18

• frontal lobe
• parietal lobe
• occipital lobe
• temoral lobe

Question 19

Identify. What is it’s function

Answer 19

• Postcentral gyrus
• primary somatosensory cortex

Question 20

Identify; What is it’s function

Answer 20

• Precentral gyrus
• primary motor cortex

Question 21

Identify. Where does this structure come from embryologically?

Answer 21

• Thalamus
• Diencephalon (Forebrain)

Question 22

Function of thalamus

Answer 22

relays sensory signals to cerebral cortex

Question 23

What is the function of the hypothalamus? Where does it come from embryologically?

Answer 23

• control center for autonomic nervous system
• Diencephalon (forebrain)

Question 24

The dura matter is composed of what two layers?

Answer 24

• Periosteal layer (more superficial)
• Meningeal layer

Question 25

Where is the subarachnoid space? What runs in it?

Answer 25

* Between arachnoid and pia matter * CSF, blood vessels

Question 26

The middle meningeal artery and vein run under what portion of the skull? Why is this a problem?

Answer 26

* Pterion * Weakened part of skull; damage to area can damage these blood vessels and cause hematoma

Question 27

External (epidural) hematoma

Answer 27

arterial blood pools between skull and periostal layer of dura * 75% in temporoparietal regions from damage to pterion region

Question 28

Dural border hematoma (commonly referred to subdural)

Answer 28

- blood (usually venous) forces open a space within dural border cell layer (dural border cells run between meningeal dura and arrachnoid mater - can cross sutures

Question 29

Meningeal folds. What are they? Where are they?

Answer 29

folds of meningeal dura follow some fissures/sulci of the brain * between cerebral hemispheres (longitudinal fissure) * Between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 30

Falx cerebri

Answer 30

meningeal fold between cerebral hemispheres

Question 31

Tentorium Cerebelli

Answer 31

meningeal fold between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 32

Where does the falx cerebri attach to in the skull?

Answer 32

crista galli of ethmoid bone

Question 33

There is a hole in the tentorium cerebelli that allows for the passage of the brain stem. What is this hole called?

Answer 33

Tentorial notch

Question 34

dural venous sinuses

Answer 34

venous channels that form between layers of dura matter

Question 35

What venous sinuses run superior and inferior to the falx cerebri?

Answer 35

Superior and inferior sagital sinus

Question 36

Flow of dural venous sinus

Answer 36

All enter sigmoid sinus and drain into internal jugular vein

Question 37

Draw out dural venous sinus

Question 38

Identify

Answer 38

Groove for sigmoid sinus

Question 39

Identify

Answer 39

Groove for Transverse Sinus

Question 40

identify #3

Answer 40

Groove for superior sagittal sinus

Question 41

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced via what

Answer 41

choroid plexus

Question 42

What is the ventricular system?

Answer 42

* cavities within brain * Produce and distribure CSF

Question 43

Identify arrow

Answer 43

interventricular foramen

Question 44

Identify all numbers of the ventricular system

Answer 44

1. fourth ventricle 2. lateral ventricles 3. third ventricle 4. cerebral aqueduct 5. central canal

Question 45

Flow of CSF circulation

Answer 45

1. lateral ventricles to 2. 3rd ventricle to 3. 4th ventricle to 4. subarachnoid space and 5. central canal of spinal cord

Question 46

What happens to excess CSF that does not drain into the subarachnoid space the central canal of spinal cord?

Answer 46

excess CSF is drained into dural venous sinuses via arachniod villa

Question 47

Arterial supply to the brain is from what 2 major arteries

Answer 47

* internal carotid a. * vertrebral a.

Question 48

Cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)

Answer 48

* Anastomosis between branches of left and right ICA and Basilar a. (from vertebral artery) * May provide sufficient collateral blood supply to brain if blockage occurs

Question 49

Identify the arteries supplying these regions of cortex

Answer 49

Blue: anterior cerebral artery Yellow: Middle cerebral artery Red: Posterior cerebral artery