Brain Chapter

Question 1

Cerebellum

Answer 1

produces fine control over muscle action, stores memories of movement patterns, equilibrium and posture, awareness of body position. Alcohol impairs these synapses.

Question 2

Pons

Answer 2

regulates muscles in breathing

Question 3

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 3

responsible for autonomic functions (heart rate, bp, breathing rate, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting, fight or flight

Question 4

Limbic system

Answer 4

several small parts of the brain that are not related, but sometimes come together for a bigger purpose to control key areas of the brain. Controls odors that provoke emotion; especially for long term memories. Store memories (sensory, short, long)

Question 5

Short term memory

Answer 5

lasts about 20 seconds

Question 6

Long term memory

Answer 6

anything longer than 20 seconds, does not mean that you will be able to recall information.

Question 7

midbrain

Answer 7

makes dopamine that helps with movement, emotions, pleasure, and pain. Also turns head and eyes to respond to what you see or hear, it is responsive.

Question 8

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 8

One part that makes up dopamine is not synthesized enough and so only half of the dopamine particle is released.

Question 9

Diencephalon

Answer 9

Middle of the brain made of the hypothalamus, thalamus, and “epithalamus” (pineal gland and habenular nuclei.

Question 10

Pineal gland

Answer 10

secretes melatonin, responsible for circadian rhythms.

Question 11

Habenular nuclei

Answer 11

very small group of neurons, create emotional responses to odors.

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

5 groups of nuclei that help with processing information. Consists of anterior group, medial group, ventral group, posterior group, lateral group.

Question 13

Anterior group

Answer 13

sends info to the limbic system to process incoming info with emotions (attaches emotion to info)

Question 14

Medial group

Answer 14

provides awareness of emotional states

Question 15

Ventral group

Answer 15

relays general sensory info (temp, touch, pressure, pain).

Question 16

Posterior group

Answer 16

relays specific info (sensory, visual, auditory) and goes to specific lobe for processing.

Question 17

Lateral group

Answer 17

affects emotional states and integrates sensory information. Sensory overload occurs when thalamus can’t filter and relay sensory info fast enough.

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

regulates pineal gland. Deals with autonomic nervous system (hr, bp, digestion, respiration) endocrine control, body temp., emotional behavior (pleasure, aggression, fear, rage, sex drive) hunger and thirst

Question 19

Cerebrum

Answer 19

responsible for higher thinking: intelligence, reasoning, thoughts, memory, judgement, voluntary motor control, visual and auditory.

Question 20

cerebral lateralization

Answer 20

both hemispheres look the same physically, but don’t do the same thing.

Question 21

insula lobe

Answer 21

memory, interpretation of taste.

Question 22

occipital lobe

Answer 22

visual info, tells you what you see. stores visual memories.

Question 23

temporal lobe

Answer 23

hearing, smell

Question 24

parietal lobe

Answer 24

general sensory (touch, temp, pressure, pain) and shapes and textures.

Question 25

frontal

Answer 25

voluntary motor, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, personality, and planning.

Question 26

functional areas

Answer 26

process info for higher thought (conscious thinking)

Question 27

Sensory functional areas

Answer 27

primary gustatory cortex, primary olfactory cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex.

Question 28

primary gustatory cortex

Answer 28

processes taste/flavors

Question 29

primary olfactory cortex

Answer 29

process smell

Question 30

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 30

balance, touch, pressure, pain, pressure, temp (all sensory info)

Question 31

primary visual cortex

Answer 31

process sight

Question 32

primary auditory cortex

Answer 32

process sound areas

Question 33

motor areas

Answer 33

primary motor cortex, motor speech area (broca area), and frontal eye field.

Question 34

primary motor cortex

Answer 34

command voluntary muscle movement

Question 35

motor speech area (broca area)

Answer 35

talking

Question 36

frontal eye field

Answer 36

reading and genicular vision (tunnel vision)

Question 37

association areas

Answer 37

somatosensory, visual, auditory, gnostic

Question 38

somatosensory association area

Answer 38

allows you to identify something without seeing it

Question 39

Visual association area

Answer 39

allows us to identify people and things

Question 40

auditory association area

Answer 40

allows us to interpret characteristics of sound and store them as memories

Question 41

gnostic association area

Answer 41

allows you to read a room and adapt (filter) - Phineas gage injured his

Question 42

Sensory pathways

Answer 42

ascend towards brain, have 2 categories (somatic and visceral)

Question 43

motor pathways

Answer 43

descend from brain

Question 44

pathway characteristics

Answer 44

are paired up, one for each body side, process info, made of a chain of 2 or more neurons

Question 45

upper and lower neurons

Answer 45

upper goes to higher brain and lower goes to lower.

Question 46

Somatic sensory (somatosensory) pathway receptors

Answer 46

2 types, tactile receptors (detect characteristics of an object) and proprioceptors (detect strength in joints, muscles and tendons.

Question 47

Visceral sensory receptors

Answer 47

detect changes in internal organs such as stretching.