Brain Development Flashcards Preview

Developmental Psychology > Brain Development > Flashcards

Flashcards in Brain Development Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

How much brain growth is a baby born with?

A

25%

2
Q

By age 2, what is the brain growth?

A

75%

3
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substances that communicate through a neuron

4
Q

Neural Circuits

A

• Cluster of neurons working together to handle particular types of information

5
Q

Myelination

A
  • Infancy to adolescence in some areas in the brain until young adults
  • layer of fatty, waxy cells
  • On going pattern
  • Growth patterns
6
Q

Adolescent brain development

A
  • Myelination of speech; motor centers

* development in pre-frontal cortex (moral judgment, reasoning)

7
Q

Brain structure

A
  • 2 hemispheres
  • Forebrain
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Corpus collosum
  • Temporal lobe
  • Frontal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Parietal lobe
8
Q

Cerebral cortex

A
  • layers of cells
  • thinking
  • language
  • perception
9
Q

Corpus collosum

A

• Connects left & right hemisphere

10
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • hearing
  • language
  • visual
  • some emotion
11
Q

Frontal lobe (executive functioning)

A
  • decision making skills
  • higher order thinking
  • plan, organize
  • execute
  • working memory
  • language
  • movement
  • self-control
12
Q

Occipital lobe

A

• visual

13
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • spatial
  • attention
  • motor skills
14
Q

Lateralization

A
  • perceived specialties in right or left hemisphere
  • left: speech, grammar
  • right: humor, metaphor
15
Q

Complex thinking happens with…

A

communication btwn. left & right hemisphere

16
Q

Brain development in infancy

A
  • born with 25% of brain growth
  • a lot of fluid
  • baby’s head should be protected
17
Q

Shaken baby syndrome

A
  • swelling & obstruction of the brain

* risk of death from brain injury

18
Q

How do we get info of the brain?

A
  • PET (Positron emission tomography)
  • FMRI (functional magnetic response imagery)
  • DTI (diffusion tensor imaging)
19
Q

Child brain dev. (3-6 yrs old)

A

• rapid growth in frontal lobe

20
Q

Child brain dev. (6-puberty)

A

• dramatic growth in temporal & parietal lobe

21
Q

Brain plasticity

A
  • brain is malleable

* brain responds to env. info

22
Q

What happens in a deprived in env?

A
  • depressed brain activity
  • Roseinzweig & collegues: (results) rats in enriched (given toys, interactive) env. had cortex that were 4% larger than impoverished (isolated) env. rats
23
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Neurotransmitter
  • Reward (to see & take action to move towards them) & pleasure system
  • Regulates movement & emotional responses
  • Dopamine deficiency: Parkinson’s disease, more susceptible to addiction
24
Q

What is the average connection a neuron has?

A

3,000 connections