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PSYC 311 > Brain structure and function > Flashcards

Brain structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main sections of the parietal lobe (lateral surface)

A

superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule and post-central gyrus

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2
Q

the postcentral gyrus is associated with which cortex

A

somatosensory cortex

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3
Q

what is the posterior parietal lobe

A

everything in the parietal lobe after the postcentral gyrus

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4
Q

what are the 2 important gyri of the inferior parietal lobule

A

the supra marginal gyrus and the angular gyrus

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5
Q

what are the 2 main sulci of the parietal lobe

A

the post-central sulcus and the intraparietal sulcus

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6
Q

what does the post-central sulcus divide

A

the somatosensory cortex (post-central gyrus) from the posterior parietal lobe

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7
Q

what does the intraparietal sulcus divide

A

the IPL from the SPL

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8
Q

which Brodmann areas are associated with the somatosensory cortex

A

1,2, and 3

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9
Q

the IPL is important for what function

A

language

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10
Q

what stream is found in the parietal lobe

A

dorsal stream

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11
Q

the parietal lobe is important for which function (generally)

A

spatial functions

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12
Q

what kind of integration is the parietal lobe responsible for

A

multi-sensory integration

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13
Q

the pre central gyrus is associated with which cortex

A

motor

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14
Q

why does the motor cortex have long axons

A

to connect to the spinal cord to allow for communication and connections to the muscles allowing for movement

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15
Q

what are the names of the subdivisions of the pre central sulcus

A

superior pre central sulcus and inferior pre central sulcus

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16
Q

what is everything in front of the motor cortex called

A

the prefrontal cortex

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17
Q

what are the 3 gyri of the prefrontal cortex

A

superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus

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18
Q

which sulcus separates the SFG from the MFG

A

the superior frontal sulcus

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19
Q

which sulcus separates the MFG from the IFG

A

the inferior frontal sulcus

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20
Q

which important area is in the IFG

A

Broca’s area

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21
Q

what is Broca’s area responsible for

A

language production

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22
Q

what are the 3 parts of the IFG

A

pars orbital

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23
Q

the pre central gyrus/motor cortex is associated with which Brodmann area

A

4

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24
Q

where is the premotor cortex and which Brodmann area is it

A

next to the iFG and area 6

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25
Q

what is the role of the premotor cortex

A

helps guide movement

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26
Q

which Brodmann areas are the IFG

A

44 and 45

27
Q

what is the role of the MFG

A

monitering info in working memory - epoptic processing

28
Q

what is the role of the prefrontal cortex

A

higher order/executive functions (planning, organization, etc.)

29
Q

what is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex

A

regulated emotion, reasoning, impulse control

30
Q

the orbitofrontal cortex is connected to which other brain area and how

A

connected to the amygdala by the uncinate fasciculus

31
Q

what is the hand-motor region

A

a knob like area where motor function of the hand is controlled, this area is pretty much the same in all people

32
Q

what is the precuneus

A

the parietal part of the medial surface

33
Q

what is the cingulate sulcus

A

it curves above the corpus callous until the top of the brain

34
Q

the paracentral lobule is fund on each side of which sulcus

A

central sulcus

35
Q

what is the paracentral lobule responsible for

A

motor and somatosensory processing of the foot

36
Q

what does he paracentral sulcus indicated

A

the end of the motor area for the foor

37
Q

the lingual gyrus eventually becomes which other gyrus

A

parahippocampal

38
Q

the insula can be found within which fissure

A

the Sylvian fissure

39
Q

what is the operculum

A

the part of the cortex that covers the insula

40
Q

what are the 3 different operculum

A

frontal, parietal, and temporal

41
Q

before neuroimaging what function was associated with the insula

A

somatic visceral sensations/internal sensations

42
Q

with neuroimaging what are the roles of the insula

A

autonomic control, introspection, and supporting language production (supporting other cognitive functions and involuntary processes)

43
Q

what is the gustatory cortex responsible for

A

sense of taste

44
Q

the limbic cortex is also known as the

A

emotional brain

45
Q

which structures make up the limbic cortex

A

cingulate cortex, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus

46
Q

what are the subcortical structures

A

grey matter but not part of the cortex - in the middle of the brain

47
Q

name the subcortical structures

A

caudate. putamen, pallidum, thalamus, amygdala

48
Q

which 3 subcortical structures make up the basal ganglia

A

the caudate, putamen and palladium

49
Q

what is the basal ganglia important for

A

balance and guiding movement

50
Q

the basal ganglia is affected in which disease

A

Parkinson’s

51
Q

what is the role of the amygdala

A

emotional processing (fear specifically) and the emotional aspect of memory

52
Q

what is the role of the nucleus accumbens

A

pleasure, reward system and motor functions

53
Q

what is the role of the thalamus

A

a relay for all the sensory info - the thalamus relays sensory info to the appropriate processing areas

54
Q

what is the only sense that doesn’t pass through the thalamus and where does the info go

A

smell - goes straight to the piriform cortex

55
Q

what is the lateral geniculate nuclei responsible for

A

visual relay

56
Q

what is the medial geniculate nuclei responsible for

A

auditory relay

57
Q

what is the higher-order nuclei responsible for

A

higher-order cognitive functions

58
Q

what is the cerebellum important for

A

movement (posture, balance, motor learning, etc.)

59
Q

the cerebellum is a link between which 2 parts

A

spinal cord and cortex

60
Q

the brain stem is the link between…

A

the spinal cord and brain

61
Q

what is the brain stem important for

A

vital functions - support for breathing, heart beat, etc.

62
Q

what are the 3 parts of the brain stem

A

pons, medulla, midbrain

63
Q

which Brodmann area is the SMG

A

40

64
Q
A

PSYC 311 (10 decks)

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