brainstem

Question 2

cerebral peduncles

Answer 2

descendants of corticospinal tracts (motor tracts) that relay voluntary motor command from the cerebrum to the spinal cord

Question 3

medial lemniscus

Answer 3

sensory tracts in the midbrain that extend from medulla oblongata, through the pons and midbrain, to the thalamus

Question 4

substantia nigra

Answer 4

niger=black, houses nerons that produces dopamine

Question 5

function of dopamine

Answer 5

modulates basal ganglia (central nuclei) to facilitate the initiation, scaling, and smooth execution of voluntary skeletal movements.

Question 6

periaqueductal gray matter

Answer 6

surrounds the cerebral aqueduct, plays a role in the perception and modulation of pain.

Question 7

tegmentum of midbrain

Answer 7

region between the periaqueductal gray matter and the substantia nigra. it integrates information from the cerebrum and cerebellum and issues voluntary moor commands to the erector spinae muscles of the back.

Question 8

superior colliculi

Answer 8

visual reflex center. coordinated reflexive eye, head, and neck movements in response to visual stimuli

Question 9

inferior colliculi

Answer 9

auditory reflex, controls reflexive movements of the eye, neck, and head in the direction of a sound.

Question 10

pontine respiratory center

Answer 10

along with medullary respiratory center, they regulate the skeletal muscle of breathing.
its primary function is to regulate a smooth transition between breathing in and breathing out.

Question 11

decussation of corticospinal tracts occur at

Answer 11

pyramids of medulla oblongata (85-90%)

Question 12

inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 12

large folds of gray matter in the olive. it is like a coach to the cerebellum; (major relay center for motor coordination), which helps the cerebellum learn new motor skills, detects errors in movement, and corrects them

Question 13

cardiovascular center

Answer 13

located in the medulla oblongata, regulate the heart rate and cardiac output, regulate the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles of arterioles.

Question 14

medullary respiratory center

Answer 14

cause contraction of breathing muscles

Question 15

reflex centers in the medulla oblongata

Answer 15

swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, gagging

Question 16

nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis

Answer 16

(gracilis=slender); relay somatic sensory information to the thalamus.