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ABD/SMALL PARTS I > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Which breast layer is functional portion of the breast

A

mammary

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2
Q

What is the collective name of the connective tissue septa, which forms a fibrous “skeleton” that maintains the shape and structure of the breast

A

cooper’s ligaments

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3
Q

What is the echogenicity of fat within the breast

A

Hypoechoic

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4
Q

List the layers of the breast from superficial to deep

A

Subcutaneous
mammary
retromammary

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5
Q

Where is the pectoralis muscle located

A

posterior to the retromammary layer

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6
Q

Describe the parenchymal pattern of the breast tissue sonographically based on age: YOUNG

A

fibrous-dense echogenic pattern

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7
Q

Describe the parenchymal pattern of the breast tissue sonographically based on age: PREGNANT/LACTATING

A

larger, more dense glandular

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8
Q

Describe the parenchymal pattern of the breast tissue sonographically based on age: MATURE/OLDER

A

fatty replacement of glandular

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9
Q

Describe the parenchymal pattern of the breast tissue sonographically based on age: POSTMENOPAUSAL

A

ducts atrophy

less fibrous tissue

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10
Q

What tool can be used to improve loss of detail of superficial structures within the breast when performing an ultrasound exam

A

stand-off pad

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11
Q

What 2 arteries supply the breast

A

internal mammary gland

lateral thoracic artery

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12
Q

Venous drainage of the breast is provided mainly by which veins

A

superficial veins

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13
Q

Is it possible to have lymph node involvement from breast cancer

A

yes

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14
Q

At what age is it currently recommended that women should have an annual screening mammogram

A

40 years of age

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15
Q

List 5 factors for breast cancer

A 
female gender
increasing age
family or personal history of breast cancer
premenopausal breast cancer
associated cancers
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16
Q

The physiology of the breast is affected by changing hormonal levels during what 3 processes

A

menstrual cycle
pregnancy
lactation

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17
Q

List 4 clinical signs/symptoms of possible breast cancer

A

new or growing dominant
discrete breast lump
does not fluctuate w hormone cycle
unilateral single duct nipple discharge

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18
Q

What type of breast mass is more suspicious for cancer, one that is wider than tall or taller than wide

A

taller than wide

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19
Q

List reasons why a breast sonogram may be ordered

A 
further characterization of mammographic masses
evaluation of a palpable breast lump
young pt w dense breasts
pregnant or lactating pt
pt w breast aug
difficult/compromised mammo
image guided procedures
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20
Q

List the 4 lesion location methods

A

distance from nipple
clock face
ABC/123
quadrant

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21
Q

Regarding the characteristics of a solid malignant mass there may be

A

nipple retraction

dimpling of the skin

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22
Q

List 2 sonographic characteristics of a solid malignant mass, with regard to mass orientation

A

taller than wide

radial growth

23
Q

What are the 3 possible differential diagnosis of a palpable breast lumo with negative breast imaging

A

fibrocystic condition
resolving trauma
cancer

24
Q

List 3 sonographic characteristics of a solid malignant mass, with regard to mass margins

A

indistinct
fuzzy
spiculated

25
Q

Describe the difference in the disruption of breast architecture by a benign versus a malignant solid mass

A

Benign- grows within tissue causing compression of the tissue adjacent to the mass

Malignant- grows through tissue without compressing adjacent tissue (may cause nipple retraction or skin dimpling)

26
Q

List 3 sonographic characteristics of a solid malignant mass, with regard to mass shape

A

sharp
angular
microlobulations

27
Q

In contrast what are the 3 characteristics of the shape of a benign mass

A

rounded or oval

large lobulations

28
Q

Which is more suspicious of a solid breast mass sonographically, a mass that is isoechoic, compared to the surrounding tissues or a mass containing clusteres microcalcifications

A

clustered microcalcifications

29
Q

Which of the following is more suspicious of a solid breast mass sonographically, a mass with some mobility or one that is firmly fixed and moves adjacent tissue

A

firmly fixed

30
Q

benign condition that results in symptoms that represent normal physiologic processes of breast tisse that fluctuate under the influence of normal female hormonal cycles

A

fibrocystic condition

31
Q

What are 3 categories of fibrocystic condition

A

no-proliferative
proliferative lesions without cellular changes
proliferative lesions with atypical cellular changes

32
Q

What is the more common benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

33
Q

Which benign breast lesion consists of fatty tissue with fibrous and glandular elements

A

lipoma

34
Q

Fat necrosis is caused by

A

trauma
surgery
radiation treatments
plasma cell mastitis

35
Q

What is the initial treatment for acute mastitis

A

antibiotics

36
Q

What age group is chronic mastitis usually seen on

A

elderly women

37
Q

What are the clinical findings of a breast abscess

A

pain
swelling and reddening of skin
possible fever
swollen axillary lymph nodes

38
Q

Can a definite diagnosis of breast abscess be made without aspiration

A

no

39
Q

What is the most common symptom of intraductal papilloma

A

nipple discharge arising from a single duct

40
Q

What fruit like appearance is intraductal papilloma said to have on mammo

A

rasberry

41
Q

Which quadrant of the breast is cancer most often found in

A

upper-outer

42
Q

List 2 main types of breast cancer and tell where they arise from

A

sarcoma- supportive or connective tissue

carcinoma- from the epithelium in the ductal or glandular tissue

43
Q

Where do the majority of breast cancers begin

A

within the ducts

44
Q

Cancers that spread outside the duct are referred to as

A

invasive or infiltrating

45
Q

What does the term in situ mean

A

within the ducts- have not spread through the walls into other breast tissue

46
Q

Which malignancy accounts for nearly 80% of breast cancers and has the potential to metastasize via the bloodstream or lymphatic system

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

47
Q

invasive lobular carcinoma begins in the _______ and extends into the fatty tissue, is often bilateral,

A

lobule
multicentric
multifocal

48
Q

Describe multifocal

A

more than 1 tumor identified, located within the same quadrant or ductal system and within 5 cm of each other, usually same cell type

49
Q

Describe multicentric

A

located in different quadrants and at least 5 cm apart, usually different cell types

50
Q

malignant breast legion that results in the lactiferous ducts being filled with a yellow paste-like material

A

comedocarcinoma

51
Q

Paget’s disease typically affects women of what age group

A

over 50 years of age

52
Q

List 4 interventional breast procedures that utilize ultrasound guidance

A

cyst aspiration
fine needle drainage procedures
sentinel node biopsy
needle localization

53
Q

List 3 reasons a drainage procedure would be performed for a breast

A

breast abscess
seroma
hematoma

54
Q

What is the purpose of a sentinel node biopsy

A

To assess lymph node metastasis involvement of breast cancer

ABD/SMALL PARTS I (9 decks)

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