Ch.8 Vascular Flashcards by Hope Spriggs

Tiny vessels that connect most arteries and veins

capillaries

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What carries blood away from the heart

arteries

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What carries blood toward the heart

veins

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smallest arterial branches

arterioles

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smallest venous branches

venuoles

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layers of vessel wall

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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What layer is the tunica intima and what tissues is it made of

first layer
endothelial cells
connective tissue
elastic fibers

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What layer is the tunica media and what tissue is it made of

second layer
smooth muscle fibers
elastic tissue
collagenous tissue

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What layer is the tunica adventitia and what tissue is it made of

third layer
loose connective tissue
bundles of smooth muscle
elastic tissue

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Artery of Vein: Thicker Tunica Media

Artery

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Artery of Vein: Larger diameter

vein

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Artery of Vein: More Pulsatile

artery

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Artery of Vein: Collapsible tubes

vein

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Artery of Vein: Valves prevent backflow of blood

vein

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Artery of Vein: Faster blood flow

artery

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Artery of Vein: Thinner Tunica Media

vein

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Artery of Vein: Aided by skeletal muscle contractions

vein

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The 3 branches that arise from the aortic aarch are

innominate (right brachiocephalic)
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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List the 4 major branches of the abdominal aorta

celiac axis
superior mesenteric artery
renal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery

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Anteriorly or Laterally: celiac axis

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Anteriorly or Laterally: superior mesenteric artery

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Anteriorly or Laterally: renal arteries

lateral

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Anteriorly or Laterally: inferior mesenteric artery

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The aorta bifurcates into the

right/left common illiac arterieds

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The common illiac arteries divide into

internal and external iliac arteries

List the 5 sections of the aorta

``` Aortic root Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta Abdominal Aorta Bifurcation ```

Ultrasound of the aorta is usually used to assess

``` aortic diameter aortic aneurysm possible thrombus calcification of aortic wall dissection ```

What pathology is most commonly assessed with ultrasound

aortic aneurysm

Define aortic ectasia

absence of the normal tapering of the aorta distally

How does the aorta run un relation to the Inferior Vena Cava

left

Where does the vena cava cross? What part of the heart does it enter

diaphragm | right atrium

The IVC should be evaluated for what abnormality

thrombus

How does having the patient hold their breath change the size of the IVC?

causes it to dilate

Dilation of the IVC may be an indication of what disease processes

heart problems of the right side

In transverse plane, the celiac axis forms what sign

seagull

The second anterior abdominal aortic branch is the

superior mesenteric artery

If the angle of the SMA as it arises from the aorta is greater than 15 degrees, it could indicate

lymphadenopathy or adenopathy

How does the longitudinal SMA run in comparison to the aorta

parallel/anterior

How does the right renal artery run in comparison to the IVC most of the time

posterior

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the

right and left common iliac arteries

Where does the abdominal aorta bufurcate

aorta

How do the renal arteries branch off the aorta

lateral

What level do the renal arteries branch off

1st lumbar vertebra

What type of organ does a low resistance vessel supply

one that needs constant perfusion

what do the signs resemble in the transverse image of the hepatic veins draining into the IVC

playboy | reindeer

The portal Vein is formed by the confluence of the

mesenteric vein | splenic vein

What artery arises from the celiac trunk, passes anterior to the portal vein to enter the liver at the porta hepatis

common hepatic artery

Define hepatofugal

away from the liver

define hepatopetal

toward the liver

What is the normal direction of flow in the portal vein

hepatopetal

In case of severe portal hypertension, the blood flow in the portal vein will be

hepatofugal

The IMA distributes blood to the

left transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum

The SMA supplies blood to

proximal half of the colon | small intestine

Doppler is used to detect what characteristics of blood flow

presence and absence of flow direction of flow flow disturbance pattern tissue characterization

In the sagittal plane, what artery passes posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas

SMA

What vessel is seen coursing between the aorta and the SMA in the transverse plane

left renal vein

What factors make a person at high risk for developing an aortic aneurysm

over age 60 have hypertension smokers have vascular disease

What are the 3 predisposing factors for developing an aortic aneurysm

arteriosclerosis syphilis trauma

What predisposing factor for developing an aortic aneurysm is most common

arteriosclerosis

Define aneurysm

permanent localized dilation of an artery with diameter over 1.5 times normal size

List the 2 different descriptions used from aneurysms

fusiform | saccular

What is the accuracy rate for ultrasound in detecting aortic aneurysms if it is done properly

98.8%

What is the modality of choice for detecting aortic aneurysm

ultrasound

List the possible locations of an aortic aneurysm

infrarenal perirenal suprarenal

Which is the most common location of an aortic aneurysm

infrarenal

What is the most common site of rupture of an aortic aneurysm

the lateral wall below the renal vessels

What is the normal aortic diameter

less than 3cm

Define aortic dissection

separation of the layers of the aortic wall with blood coursing through the "false lumen"

What makes a patient more likely to develop an aortic dissection

aneurysm sudden onset chest pain radiating to back 40-60 years of age more common in males

Describe first type of aortic dissection

most dangerous | starts at root and can extend length of arch, can cut off arch vessels blood supply

Describe second type of aortic dissection

Starts at or below the left subclavian and extends down the descending aorta

Describe third type of aortic dissection

Begins at the lower end of descending aorta, extends into abdominal aorta danger of spiraling and cutting off blood supply to renal arteries

What is arteriovenous fistula

an abnormal connection between an artery and vein

When the IVC is obstructed, what system takes over and "acts" as the IVC

the azygos and/or the hemiazygos system

What condition may cause flow in the portal vein to be reversed

portal hypertension

What is the most common predisposing factor for portal hypertension

intrinsic liver disease

What are the characteristics of "plug flow"

A clear window in spectral wave form, mot of the blood cells are traveling about same velocity across the vessel

What constitutes a normal resistive index (good perfusion)

0.7

What is Budd-Chiari Syndrome

thrombosis of the hepatic veins

List the clinical signs of Renal vein obstruction

``` flank pain hematuria flank mass proteinuria maternal diabetes transient hypertension ```

What are the sites of spontaneous shunting that naturally decompress portal hypertension

gastroesophageal paraumbilical vein hemorrhoidal anastomosis retroperitoneal anastomosis

The hepatic veins originate in the

liver

the hepatic veins drain into the

IVC