Scrotum

Question 1

What is the average size of testicles

Answer 1

L: 3-5cm
W: 2-4cm
H: 3cm

Question 2

What is seen as a hyperechoic line within the testis (supports vessels and ducts coursing within the testis)

Answer 2

Mediastinum testis

Question 3

What is the Epididymis composed of that lie along the postero-lateral surface of the testis

Answer 3

Head
body
tail

Question 4

What carries sperm from the epididymis up into the pelvic cavity to the seminal vesicles

Answer 4

Vas Deferens or ductus deferens

Question 5

Artery that is the main blood supply to the testicles that branches off the aorta inferior to the renal arteries

Answer 5

testicular artery

Question 6

What venous network drains the testes and joins to form the testicular veins

Answer 6

Pampinform plexus of veins

Question 7

The vas deferens, testicular arteries, pampiniform plexus of veins, lymphatic’s and nerves are all structures contained in the

Answer 7

Spermatic cord structures

Question 8

In patient preparation for a scrotal sonogram, the patient should be instructed to remove all clothing from

Answer 8

the waist down

Question 9

What should have Doppler applied to them as part of the scrotal ultrasound protocol

Answer 9

testicular artery

testicular vein

Question 10

the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea are not usually seen unless the patient has a

Answer 10

hydrocele

Question 11

What is a hydrocele

Answer 11

Fluid collection between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

Question 12

What refers to a testicle that fails to descend into the scrotum from the pelvis, through the inguinal canal

Answer 12

cryptorchidism

Question 13

80% of patients with cryptorchidism are found in the

Answer 13

inguinal canal

Question 14

What is the surgical correction of cryptorchidism

Answer 14

Orchioplexy

Question 15

If surgery is not performed to correct an undescended testicle at an early age, what 3 things are the testis at a greater risk for

Answer 15

Infertility
testicular cancer
testicular torsion

Question 16

What is the absence of one or both testes

Answer 16

anorchia

Question 17

What refers to having more than two testicles

Answer 17

Polyorchidism

Question 18

What is the bilateral anorchia

Answer 18

absence of both testicles

Question 19

inflammation of the epididymis

Answer 19

epididymitis

Question 20

epididymitis is the most common cause of

Answer 20

acute scrotal pain and tenderness

Question 21

Describe the sonographic appearance of epididymitis

Answer 21

hypoechoic
hypervascular
enlargement of epididymis

Question 22

Focal orchitis cannot be sonographically distinguished from a

Answer 22

tumor

Question 23

What is another clinical clue that the patient may have orchitis along with a fever

Answer 23

elevated WBC or leukocytosis

Question 24

A collection of blood within the scrotal sac is called what two things (appearance varies with age of injury)

Answer 24

hamatoma

hematocele

Question 25

Hematomas and hematoceles can occur due to

Answer 25

traume surgery torsion tumor

Question 26

Fracture of the testicle due to trauma that is a surgical emergency is called

Answer 26

testicular rupture

Question 27

Surgery within how many hours of injury causing rupture can save 90% of the affecting testicles

Answer 27

72 hours

Question 28

What results when the testis and the epididymis twist within the scrotum, cutting off the vascular supply within the spermatic cord

Answer 28

testicular torsion

Question 29

What is the most common cause of testicular torsion

Answer 29

Bell Clapper Deformity

Question 30

With torsion there will be lack of flow in the

Answer 30

testicle

Question 31

With torsion there will be normal flow in the

Answer 31

epididymis

Question 32

What is the normal amount of serous fluid in the scrotal sac

Answer 32

1-2 mL

Question 33

What is caused by an abscess rupture between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 33

Pyocele (pus in the scrotal sac)

Question 34

Varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the

Answer 34

pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 35

Varicocele is most common on what side

Answer 35

left

Question 36

What is a scrotal hernia

Answer 36

when the bowels herniate through the inguinal canal into the scrotum

Question 37

How is a scrotal hernia usually diagnosed

Answer 37

clinically with enlarged scrotum abdominal pain possible blood in stool

Question 38

How many solid scrotal masses are benign

Answer 38

less than 5%

Question 39

Dermoid cysts also known as teratoma contain

Answer 39

fat teeth hair

Question 40

What are multiple tiny calcifications scattered through the testis that are associated with tumor, sterility and cryptorchidism

Answer 40

microlithiasis

Question 41

The majority of intratesticular lesions are

Answer 41

malignant

Question 42

Testicular cancer is typically a young man's disease, with a peak incidence at what ages

Answer 42

15-35

Question 43

What is the most common germ cell tumor and has the best prognosis of testicular malignancies

Answer 43

seminoma

Question 44

What is associated with increased Beta-HCG and is more aggressive than seminoma? It accounts for 25% of all testicular tumors

Answer 44

embryonal cell carcinoma

Question 45

What tumor is the most common germ cell tumor found in infants

Answer 45

yolksac/endodermal sinus

Question 46

The yolk sac tumor is associated with increased

Answer 46

alphafetoprotein (AFP)

Question 47

Teratomas in children are usually

Answer 47

benign

Question 48

Teratomas in adults are usually

Answer 48

malignant

Question 49

What percentage of all testicular tumors are germ cell tumors and are mallignant

Answer 49

95

Question 50

What can make the diagnosis of a tumor being malignant vs benign

Answer 50

tissue samples

Question 51

What affects men between the ages of 60-80 years old and is most common bilateral testicular tumor

Answer 51

lymphoma

Question 52

What will most physicians perform when a solid mass is found within the testis

Answer 52

orchiectomy

Question 53

If metastasis to the testicles occurs the primary is usually

Answer 53

prostate or renal

Question 54

What are 2 symptoms associated with malignant testicular masses

Answer 54

acute scrotal pain | painless palpable scrotal mass

Question 55

List the pathway of the sperm from the scrotum

Answer 55

``` semineferous tubules tubuli recti rete testis efferent ductules ductus epididymis vas deferens ```