breast Flashcards
what are the imaging modalities used for women with a breast lump (by age groups)?
<30 yo - US
30-40 yo - US +/- mammo
>40 US AND mammo
What are the screening recommendations for women 40-74 years old with a first-degree relative with breast cancer?
yearly mammograms
What are the screening recommendations for women 50-74 years old without a family history of breast cancer?
mammogram q2 years
What are the screening recommendations for women 30-74 years old for breast cancer who are in the HIGH RISK group?
qyearly starting at 30
when should premenopausal women examine their breasts if they do so?
the week following their period
are self breast examinations recommend?
No evidence to suggest they help, but it may allow a women to get to know her body and recognize changes
which women require diagnostic mammography instead of screening mammography?
Women with breast implants
Women with symptoms
Women with hx of breast ca or surgery
which women are considered HIGH risk for breast ca?
-BRCA1 or 2
-Untested first degree relative of BRCA 1 or 2 carrier
-Strong family history of breast cancer
-2 cases in close female relatives on the same side, diagnosed at 50-years-old or earlier
-3 or more cases in close female relatives on the same side, with at least 1 diagnosed at 50-years-old or earlier
-Close female relative = mother, daughter, sister, aunt, grandmother, great aunt
do trans women need breast ca screening?
if over 5 years of cross sex hormone, screen per guideline
what are the limitations of mamography?
-radiation
-false negatives
-false positives
do trans men without chest reconstruction need breast ca screening?
if breasts present, screen as per guidelines. If breasts removed, no screening
what are sinister features of a breast mass on mammography?
-poorly speculated border
-microcalcifications
-architectural distortion
-interval changes
what are possible mechanisms of hypercalcemia in breast ca?
-increases osteoclast activity
-bone mets
