Cardio FM learner

Question 1

what are the four possibilities of a narrow QRS tachycardia?

Answer 1

-sinus tachycardia
-atrial fib
-atrial flutter
-AVNRT

Question 2

what are some possibilities for a wide QRS complex tachycardia?

Answer 2

-Vfib
-Vtach
-SVT with abberancy
-metabolic/tox issues

Question 3

Pathological causes of left axis deviation on ECG?

Answer 3

LVH, LBBB, inferior MI, WPW

Question 4

Pathological causes of right axis deviation?

Answer 4

RVH, RV strain, lateral MI, WPW

Question 5

what leads do you look at to determine the axis?

Answer 5

Lead I and aVF

Question 6

which lead do you look at to assess p wave morphology?

Answer 6

lead II

Question 7

what is the criteria for a pathologic Q WAVE?

Answer 7

Q width > 1 mm
OR 1/3 amplitute of QRS
OR any q waves in V1-V3

Question 8

what is an incomplete LBBB?

Answer 8

When QRS is <120 but other LBBB criteria present

Question 9

what are the shockable rhythms?

Answer 9

VF / pVT

Question 10

what are the doses of amiodarone used in ACLS?

Answer 10

300mg first dose
150 mg second dose

Question 10

what is the dose of epinephrine used in ACLS?

Answer 10

1 mg q3-5 min

Question 11

what is the dose of atropine given for ACLS bradycardia?

Answer 11

1mg, repeat q5 min to max of 3 mg total

Question 12

when is a blood transfusion indicated?

Answer 12

If hb <70 and symptomatic

Question 13

what is the autoantibody to in pernicious anemia?

Answer 13

intrinsic factor

Question 14

what type of anemia (micro, normo or macro) does thalassemia cause?

Answer 14

microcytic

Question 15

causes of normocytic anemia

Answer 15

-acute blood loss
-bone marrow failure
-chronic disease
-hemolysis

Question 16

what are some causes of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 16

-folate deficiency
-B12 deficiency
-hypothyroid
-alcoholism
-liver disease

Question 17

When is magnesium IV useful during cardiac arrest?

Answer 17

for torsades de pointes (polymorphic VT associated with a long QT interval)

Question 18

How do you manage bradycardia in ACLS?

Answer 18

-atropine 0.5mg IV q3-5 minutes
-consider dopamine or epinephrine or transcutaneous pacing

Question 19

what medication should be avoided in the acute management of an arythmia in a patient with WPW?

Answer 19

beta blockers (because it blocks the normal pathway and so the conduction goes preferentially through the accessory pathway which worsens things)

Question 20

what medication should you use to control a tachyarythmia in patients with WPW?

Answer 20

procainamide

Question 21

where does the clot most commonly develop during afib?

Answer 21

the atrial appendage

Question 22

what test can rule out a clot in someone with afib?

Answer 22

TRANS ESOPHAGEAL US

Question 22

is there a difference in mortality for patients with afib that are treated with rate VERSUS rhythm control?

Answer 22

Only within the first 12 months of diagnosis, rhythm control improves CV death + CVA

Question 23

when is rhythm control the preferred approach for afib?

Answer 23

diagnosis <12 mo, symptomatic, multiple recurrences, extreme decreased QOL, arythmia induced cardiomyopathy, difficult rate control

Question 24

what are two examples of non-dihydropyridine ca channel blockers?

Answer 24

verapamil
diltiazem

Question 24

what type of calcium channel blocker would you use for rate control in afib?

Answer 24

NON-dihydropyridine

Question 25

what additional med should you consider in all patients on anticoagulation?

Answer 25

PPI