PRactice questions Flashcards
List 10 indications for osteoporosis screening
- Greater or equal to 65 years old
ANY AGE:
Steroid use (>7.5mg x 3 mo)
Aromatase inhibitors
Malabsorption syndrome
Hx of eating disorder
Hx of IBD
Age 50-64 AND:
Loss of 10% weight since age 25
Heavy alcohol use
Diabetes Mellitus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Maternal/paternal hip fracture
Smoking
COPD
Liver Disease
What are the names of the TWO tools for osteoporosis risk?
FRAX
CAROC
What are CLINICAL assessments for osteoporosis risk?
-rib to pelvic length <2 cm
-occiput to wall >5cm
-height loss of >2 cm
-get up and go test > 20 seconds
how much calcium is recommended per day for osteoporosis prevention?
1200 mg DIETARY calcium
is prediabetes an indication for cholesterol screening?
no
what are the ages of premature cardiovascular disease in men and women?
-men <55
-women <65
Name 5 statin indicated conditions
-clinical atherosclerosis (CAD, angina, STEMI, PAD, TIA, stroke
-AAA
-DM and > 40 years or >30 years and 15 yr history of DM
->50 years and CKD
-DM with microvascular disease
-LDL > 5
At what LDL level is a statin indicated?
LDL > 5 mmol/L
what are PATIENT factors that influence your decision to provide a blood transfusion?
-active bleeding
-vital instability
-symptoms of anemia (chest pain, SOB)
-comorbidities (CAD, renal failure)
what are the two intestinal parasites you should consider screening for in immigrant patients (from Southeast asia/africa)
-schistomiasis
-strongyloides
List 5 foods a women should avoid during pregnancy to reduce risk of listeria
Sprouts
Undercooked eggs
Unpasteurized dairy products
Raw or undercooked meat
Seafood
Deli meats/meat spreads
Soft cheeses
pregnant patients with WHAT risk factors should take at least 1mg per day of folate?
-obestiy
-first/second degree relative with NTD
-folate sensitive issues (hx cleft palate)
-DM
-GI malabsorption
-alcohol abuse
name two HIGH RISK scenarios for neural tube defect?
-Hx of NTD in either parent
-Hx of baby with NTD in either parent
what foods are associated with high mercury and should be avoided in pregnancy?
-shark
-tuna
-swordfish
what are PATIENT risk factors for elder abuse? Name 6
-older age
-female sex
-frailty
-dependency on caregiver
-isolation
-ADLs affected
-Dementia symptoms
what are CAREGIVER risk factors for elder abuse?
-burnout
-financially dependent on elder
-male
-poor mental health
-poor coping mechanisms
-addiction
Diagnostic criteria of ADHD
At least 6 symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity or both
-symptoms must cause functional impairment
-symptoms must have been present before the age of 12 o symptoms must be present in 2 or more settings
difference between labrynthitis and vesitbular neurtitis?
labrynthitis has hearing loss
what is the best dietary recommendation to slow kidney disease progression?
low dietary Na
Name 5 reasons to refer a CKD patient to nephrology
-GFR <= 30
-GFR decrease by >5 within one year
-Hereditary kidney disease such as polycystic kidney disease
-Urine ACR > 30
-Persistent abnormalities of K
Name 5 risk factors for CKD
-HTN
-DM
-Smoking
-Hyperlipidemia
-Obesity
-Excessive alcohol use
-Chronic NSAID use
-HIV
-Hep C
what tool can be used to measure the size of testicles?
orchidometer
what is the most effective antipsychotic for schizophrenia?
clozapine
name 3 injectible antipsychotics
-risperidone
-aripiprazole
-paliperidone
