Breast Conditions

Question 1

what is mastalgia?

Answer 1

breast pain

Question 2

features of a breast cyst?

Answer 2

smooth
mobile
distinct borders

Question 3

Ix for a breast cyst?

Answer 3

fluid aspiration

Question 4

if aspirate is bloody in a breast cyst, what do you do?

Answer 4

US guided core biopsy for a papilloma

Question 5

what is a fibroadenoma?

Answer 5

benign breast mass made of epithelium and stroma

Question 6

features of a fibroadenoma?

Answer 6

painless
firm
‘breast mouse’

Question 7

Ix for a fibroadenoma?

Answer 7

US guided core needle biopsy

Question 8

what can be used for breast pain?

Answer 8

analgesia
evening primrose oil
NSAIDs

Question 9

what as a breast sclerosing lesion?

Answer 9

benign proliferation of acini and stroma

Question 10

what are the two types of breast sclerosing lesion? what are they?

Answer 10

sclerosing adenosis
radial scar

proliferation of acini and stroma

Question 11

what breast sclerosing lesion can mimic breast cancer? why?

Answer 11

radial scar

calcifications

Question 12

what can cause fat necrosis of the breast?

Answer 12

warfarin

trauma

Question 13

what causes duct ectasia?

Answer 13

when the lactiferous duct becomes blocked

Question 14

what increases your risk of duct ectasia?

Answer 14

smoking

Question 15

features of duct ectasia?

Answer 15

pain
inflam
fistula
nipple changes
bloody/purulent discharge

Question 16

Tx for duct ectasia?

Answer 16

antibios

excision of ducts if repeated

Question 17

what is an intraductal papilloma?

Answer 17

tumour growing in sub areolar ducts

Question 18

what is a phyllodes tumour?

Answer 18

tumour growing in the periductal stroma cells of the breast

Question 19

who is more at risk of getting phyllodes?

Answer 19

pre menopausal

fibroadenomas

Question 20

3 subtypes of phyllodes?

Answer 20

benign
borderline
malignant

Question 21

features of an intraductal papilloma?

Answer 21

nipple discharge
bleeding
lump

Question 22

who gets non lactational mastitis?

Answer 22

smokers

Question 23

what happens in non lactational mastitis?

Answer 23

squamous metaplasia of ducts
keratinisation
blocked ducts

Question 24

what organisms cause non lactational mastitis?

Answer 24

staph aureus
pep magnus
bacteroides fragilis

Question 25

Ix for non lactational mastitis?

Answer 25

FBC WBC US

Question 26

Tx for non lactational mastitis?

Answer 26

stop smoking | antibios

Question 27

complications of non lactational mastitis?

Answer 27

breast abscess chronic -> periareolar fistula

Question 28

how to treat breast abscess?

Answer 28

US guided aspiration

Question 29

how to treat periareolar fistula?

Answer 29

excision

Question 30

who are high risk in breast screening?

Answer 30

previous radiation exposure BRCA 1+2 TP53 mutation

Question 31

what are features of a benign breast nodule?

Answer 31

``` circumscribed wide homogeneous no vascularity multiple ```

Question 32

what are features of a malignant breast nodule?

Answer 32

``` poorly circumscribed hypoechoic heterogeneous tall spiculate oedema ```

Question 33

in a breast, what are the lobules surrounded by?

Answer 33

fibrous then adipose tissue

Question 34

pathway of the duct system?

Answer 34

terminal ductules intralobular collecting duct lactiferous duct nipple, via lactiferous sinus

Question 35

histologically, what lines the ducts?

Answer 35

``` stratified squamous (superficially) stratified cuboidal (deeper) ```

Question 36

breast changes in lactation?

Answer 36

increased adipose tissue | exaggerated ducts

Question 37

breast changes in menopause?

Answer 37

decreased collagen decreased elastic fibres decreased fibroblasts

Question 38

features of fibrocystic changes?

Answer 38

smooth lumps cyclical pain fixed

Question 39

features of a hamartoma?

Answer 39

similar to fibroadenoma | MOVEABLE

Question 40

tx for phyllodes?

Answer 40

excise well | if not will reoccur