Brucella Flashcards
1
Q
Brucella species cannot tolerate high temperature (60 °C) and low pH (pH: 4).
A
T
2
Q
Rose-Bengal test is used for the detection of antibodies against brucellae.
A
T
3
Q
Brucellae can be detected by staining in the placenta of aborted foetuses in the case of
brucellosis.
A
T
4
Q
Humans can acquire brucellosis from raw milk.
A
T
5
Q
Europe is free from Brucella ovis.
A
F
6
Q
Undulant fever, malaise, inappetence, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains can be the clinical
sings of human brucellosis.
A
T
7
Q
Brucella species are generally zoonotic agents
A
T
8
Q
Brucella are facultative IC agents.
A
T
9
Q
Brucella is generally a notifiable disease.
A
T
10
Q
Among Brucella species Brucella melitensis is the most pathogenic species for humans.
A
T
11
Q
More than one serological test must be carried out from one serum sample at the same time
in the case of serodiagnostics of brucellosis.
A
T
12
Q
Brucellosis is generally a notifiable disease.
A
T
13
Q
Brucellosis is a chronic disease
A
T
14
Q
Brucella species are gram-negative, fastidious, coccoid rod-shaped bacteria
A
T
15
Q
There is a serological relationship among some brucella species, because of the same
polysaccharides in the cell wall
A
T
16
Q
Worldwide distribution is characteristic for brucellosis
A
T
17
Q
Köster staining is used for staining of brucellae.
A
T
18
Q
Brucella can be both acute or chronic in human
A
T
19
Q
Brucella melitensis is endemic in Mediterranean area
A
T
20
Q
Brucella species are widely distributed all over the world.
A
T
21
Q
Brucella species are serologically uniform.
A
F
22
Q
Brucella species need cysteine or cystine as an additive for the culture.
A
F
23
Q
Brucella species are not zoonotic agents
A
F
24
Q
Susceptibility of humans to different Brucella species is different
A
T
25
Consumption of raw milk is an important route of human Brucella infection
T
26
Brucella need chocolate agar to culture
F
27
There is a close antigenic relationship between B. ovis and B. melitensis
F
28
B. suis is a zoonotic agent
T
29
Brucella ovis needs CO2 to culture.
T
30
Brucella are Gram-positive and Koster-positive bacteria.
F
31
The antigens of Brucella are uniform
F
32
The majority of the Brucella species can infect humans.
T
33
Brucella are not fastidious bacteria, they can be cultured on simple nutrient agar
F
34
Brucella species are non-motile, Gram-negative, small coccoid rods
T
35
There is a serological relationship among B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis, because of the
same surface polysaccharides.
F
36
There are no brucellosis-free countries in the world.
F
37
Most of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents.
T
38
There is close antigenic relationship between Brucella bovis and Brucella ovis.
F
39
Brucella suis is a zoonotic agent.
T
40
Brucella canis is stained red as a result of Koster-staining
F
41
Brucella species are not fastidious bacteria, we can use nutrient agar in diagnostic work.
F
42
There is a strong relationship in antigenic structure of Brucella canis and Brucella ovis.
T
43
Fetus, fetal membrane and blood sample from the dam must be send to the diagnostic
institute in abortion case
T
44
Human brucellosis was described for the first time by David Bruce in Malta Island in 1886
T
45
Brucella abortus stains red as a result of Koster-staining
T
46
There is a strong relationship in the antigenic structure of B. melitensis and B. suis
T
47
All of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents
F
48
Vaccination is a regularly used prevention method in the brucellosis free countries of EU
F
49
In the case of a same serum sample it is advisable to carry out more serological tests for the
detection of antibodies against Brucella species, because different serological tests can show
different results.
T
50
Rev I. is an inactivated vaccine strain
F
51
There are no differences in serological features of Brucella species with veterinary
importance.
F
52
Brucella are facultative intracellular bacteria.
T
53
With Koster-staining all Brucella are positive
T
54
Sheep and goat are the reservoirs for Brucella
F
55
Hungary is Brucella free.
F
56
Humans are resistant to Brucella melitensis
F
57
Raw milk consumption can be the source of human brucellosis
T
58
Vaccination against brucellosis is common in the EU
T
59
Attenuated vaccine strains can cause abortion in pregnant animals
T
60
Focal necrosis and inflammation are seen in fetuses aborted due to Brucella
T
61
Brucella is an obligate pathogen
T
62
Brucella are a notifiable disease
T
63
Brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract
T
64
All Brucella can be stained with Koster staining
F
65
There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella.
T
66
Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world
T
67
In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes
T
68
Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals
T
69
Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes.
T
70
An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis
F
71
Brucella has average resistance.
T
72
Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere.
F
73
Herd replacement is the only way of eradication of porcine brucellosis.
T
74
Wild boars and wild hares can serve as reservoir species of swine brucellosis
T
75
Wild boars can be the carrier of Brucella melitensis.
F
76
Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for swine brucellosis.
T
77
Brucella suis can cause chronic localized udder infection in cattle.
T
78
Brucella suis can infect only pigs:
F
79
Wild boars can infect domesticated pigs with Brucella suis
T
80
Brucella suis serological tests can be used for livestock diagnosis only
T
81
Brucella suis can infect dogs
T
82
Brucella suis can colonise the udder of cattle
T
83
Osteomyelitis is a frequent sign of porcine brucellosis
T
84
Brucella suis causes Swine Brucellosis.
T
85
Wild boars can be the source of swine brucellosis in domestic pigs reared outdoors
T
86
European brown hare can carry and shed B. suis biotype 2.
T
87
Swine brucellosis does not occur in Europe.
F
88
Rev-1 strain is an attenuated live B. suis strain
F
89
B. suis can infect brown hares.
T
90
Brucella suis can cause severe abortion in cattle
F
91
Brucella bovis can infect brown hares
F
92
Arthritis is a typical clinical sign of porcine brucellosis.
T
93
Farmed pigs are regularly vaccinated against brucellosis in Europe in order to prevent
infection from wild boars
F
94
Stock exchange is the only safe eradication method in case of swine brucellosis.
T
95
Swine brucellosis is an exotic disease in Europe, we can see this disease in South-East Asia
only.
F
96
In swine brucellosis the results of serological tests can be used only for herd diagnosis,
because the low sensitivity and specificity of these serological tests.
T
97
Pneumonia and nasal discharge are characteristic clinical findings in swine brucellosis
F
98
B. suis biotype 2 is widespread in wild swine population all over the world
T
99
Swine brucellosis can be treated successfully with antibiotics
F
100
Porcine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
T
101
With the help of the appropriate antibiotics we can eradicate B. suis from a swine herd
F
102
Humans are not susceptible to the causative agent of swine brucellosis.
F
103
Wild hare is an important reservoir of Brucella abortus biotype 2 in Europe
F
104
Brucella suis was isolated by Sir David Bruce as a first time in 1886 in Malta Island
F
105
Brucella suis is the causative agent of porcine brucellosis.
T
106
Brucella suis biotype 2 can cause disease in hares
T
107
In the case of swine brucellosis, no clinical signs can be seen in boars
F
108
Stock exchange in the main way of eradication of porcine brucellosis.
T
109
Swine brucellosis is present in wild boars in several European countries
T
110
Hungary is free from Brucella suis
F
111
Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle
T
112
Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents.
F
113
Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy.
T
114
Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection
F
115
Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis.
F
116
Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows
T
117
Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis
F
118
Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
T
119
Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis.
T
120
Diarrhoea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
F
121
Brucella abortus can cause septicaemia in cattle.
T
122
Brucella abortus can cause necrosis in the chorionic villi of pregnant cattle
T
123
ABR test can detect antibodies against Brucella abortus in milk
T
124
Arthritis is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
125
Fluoroquinolones are the first choice for treatment of bovine brucellosis
F
126
In case of brucellosis our aim is eradication and maintain the disease-free status
T
127
Abortion is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
128
Brucella abortus can colonise the udder and shed with the milk of cows.
T
129
Brucella abortus can colonise the testicles, epididymis and accessory genital glands and shed
with the semen.
T
130
Cattle can be asymptomatic carriers of brucellae
T
131
Infected cattle carry brucellae lifelong
T
132
Calves can be infected with brucellae during pregnancy if the cow is infected.
F
133
Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis.
F
134
Brucella melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
T
135
Antibacterial treatment is pointless in bovine brucellosis
T
136
Brucella abortus can colonise only pregnant cows or heifers
F
137
Brucella abortus can cause abortion of cattle
T
138
Brucella abortus and brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis.
T
139
Bovine brucellosis has to be treated 4-6 weeks long with penicillins
F
140
Brucella abortus can colonise only cattle
F
141
Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis
T
142
Bovine Brucellosis has to be treated 4-6 weeks long with Penicllins
F
143
Cattle cannot infect humans with Brucellae
F
144
The maintaining host of Bruecella abortus is the goat and the sheep
F
145
Orchitis is a clinical sign of Bovine Brucellosis
T
146
Calves can be born with Brucella
F
147
Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract
F
148
Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis.
F
149
B. melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
T
150
In the case of bovine brucellosis abortion usually occurs after fifth month of gestation
T
151
Retention of fetal membranes is a characteristic clinical sign of bovine brucellosis.
T
152
Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis occurs in the Mediterranean area
T
153
The S19 strain is an inactivated B. melitensis strain, which can be used for brucellosis
F
154
Nervous clinical signs are frequent in the case of bovine brucellosis.
F
155
Bovine brucellosis can be diagnosed using the tuberculin test.
F
156
ABR test cannot be used to test colostrum
T
157
Bovine brucellosis is a self-limiting disease.
T
158
Bovine brucellosis was described for the first time by Sir David Bruce in 1886.
F
159
Bovine brucellosis is not a notifiable disease
F
160
Bovine brucellosis can be treated well with penicillin
F
161
Rose-Bengal test is a frequently used serological test in the diagnostic work of brucellosis.
T
162
In ABR (Abortus bang ring/Brucella milk ring) test, we detect brucella antigens in the milk.
F
163
Fluoroquinolone treatment can cease shedding of Brucella.
F
164
Rev 1. strain is a modified live vaccine strain of B. melitensis.
T
165
Sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests, which are used in Brucella diagnostics are
different
T
166
Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease.
T
167
An early antibiotic therapy is really important in the treatment of bovine brucellosis.
F
168
Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease.
T
169
Brucella abortus can cause an abortion storm in a newly infected pregnant cattle herd.
T
170
In case of bovine abortion we must send only fetal fluid to the diagnostic laboratory,
because is enough for the diagnosis.
F
171
In the ABR test we detect Brucella abortus bacteria in the cattle milk
F
172
S19 vaccine is a live vaccine, which can cause abortion in pregnant cows
T
173
Serological tests are frequently used methods in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.
T
174
False positive or false negative reactions can be seen in the serological tests in the
serodiagnostics brucellosis.
T
175
Icterus is a frequently seen clinical signs of bovine brucellosis
F
176
ABR test is a human serological test for the detection of antibodies in human blood serum
sample.
F
177
Abortion is a frequently seen clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
178
Most important clinical sings of bovine brucellosis are icterus and CNS signs.
F
179
Cattle are generally infected with Brucella per os.
T
180
After infection brucella replicate in the lymph nodes of cattle
T
181
Bulls are resistant to Brucella infection.
F
182
Bovine brucellosis is always an acute disease.
F
183
Bovine brucellosis is widespread within the EU
F
184
Necrosis of fetal membrane is a post mortem lesion of bovine brucellosis.
T
185
Brucella can be detected in fetal membrane and fetus with Koster staining
T
186
Infected cattle can be recognized by detecting Brucella in blood with ELISA
T
187
ABR test is used to detect Brucella in milk
F
188
Brucellosis of cattle is a self-limiting disease.
T
189
Cattle infected with brucellosis stay life-long carriers.
T
190
Brucella abortus causes no disease in bulls
F
191
Brucella are introduced in a herd with infected animals
T
192
Brucella colonize the lymph nodes in young calves
T
193
Brucella abortus can colonize only cattle.
F
194
Cattle are mainly infected with Brucella sexually
F
195
Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract only.
F
196
Brucella abortus can be carried and shed by dogs and cats.
T
197
Brucella abortus can cause abortion wave in a cattle herd, when it is newly introduced
T
198
Fetus, fetal membranes and blood sample of the cow have to be sent to the diagnostic
institute in case of abortions
T
199
Antibodies against Brucella abortus are detected in the ABR test.
T
200
Male calves may be vaccinated with vaccines containing live attenuated strains, without any
side effects
F
201
Rev-1. vaccine can cause abortion of pregnant animals.
T
202
Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk.
F
203
B. suis can infect cattle.
T
204
Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle
T
205
In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease.
T
206
Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection
F
207
Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis
F
208
Calves can be born infected with brucellosis.
F
209
B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis
T
210
B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle.
T
211
Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries.
F
212
Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic.
T
213
If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until
maturity.
T
214
In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens
T
215
Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers
F
216
Brucella abortus infects only cattle.
F
217
Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary.
F
218
The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls
F
219
Brucella abortus infects only cattle.
F
220
Histophilus somni and Actinobacillus seminis can cause similar lesions in the genitals of rams as
Brucella ovis.
T
221
Brucella ovis infection is restricted to urogenital organs.
T
222
Brucella ovis can cause an acute abortion outbreak in a cattle herd
F
223
Brucella ovis can cause septicaemia in cattle.
F
224
Brucella ovis can infect humans.
F
225
Brucella ovis occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world.
T
226
Wild hares can be the carrier of Brucella ovis
F
227
Brucella ovis mainly causes abortion, clinical signs in males are rare.
F
228
Brucella ovis is shed in semen.
?
229
Europe is free from Brucella ovis
F
230
Brucella ovis and B. canis are koster-negative.
T
231
Agar gel diffusion test and ELISA are used for the detection of infection with Brucella
ovis:
T
232
It is possible to eradicate brucella ovis from infected rams using antibacterial drugs
F
233
Brucella ovis is a zoonotic agent.
F
234
The most frequently seen clinical sign of B. ovis infection is abortion of ewes.
F
235
Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep or goat milk, are common clinical
signs of the disease.
F
236
Ovine brucellosis caused by B. ovis is zoonosis.
F
237
The Rev-I vaccine strain is an attenuated, live B. ovis strain.
F
238
Brucella ovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis also in men.
F
239
Brucella ovis has been eradicated from Europe.
F
240
Only sheep is susceptible to Brucella ovis infection.
T
241
Brucella ovis can cause ascending infection of the genital tract.
T
242
Orchitis and epididymitis are the main clinical signs caused by Brucella ovis
T
243
Sheep, goats, cattle are susceptible for Brucella ovis
F
244
Brucella ovis causes in rams orchitis and epididymitis
T
245
Rams are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis.
T
246
Brucella ovis infects humans as well.
F
247
Sometimes abortion can be seen in the case of brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis.
T
248
Brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis is generally treated with tetracyclines.
F
249
Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis.
T
250
B. ovis has a wide host range.
F
251
Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams.
T
252
B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes
T
253
B. ovis will cause high fever.
F
254
B. ovis causes severe epididymitis.
T
255
Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis.
F
256
You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange.
F
257
Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis .
F
258
The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams.
T
259
There is no B. ovis in Hungary.
F
260
Brucella ovis generally does not cause septicaemia in rams
T
261
Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk.
F
262
AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep.
T
263
The maintenance host of Brucella abortus is he goat and the sheep.
F
264
Brucella melitensis infection of sheep and goat is common in Mediterranean littoral.
T
265
B. melitensis can disappear spontaneously from sheep and goat.
T
266
Herd replacement is the only method of eradication of B. melitensis in a goat herd.
F
267
Brucella melitensis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in sheep and goat.
T
268
Brucella melitensis can infection only goats and sheep
F
269
Brucella melitensis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
T
270
Brucella melitensis can cause orchitis and epididymitis in rams and bucks
T
271
Diseases caused by Brucella melitensis can be prevented with vaccination.
T
272
B. melitensis infection is common in most EU countries.
F
273
B. melitensis can cause orchitis in rams.
T
274
There are vaccines for prevention of B. melitensis
T
275
Brucella melitensis is sporadic in Hungary.
F
276
Sheep and goats can be infected per os with Brucella melitensis.
T
277
Brucella melitensis causes abortion in goats and sheep.
T
278
Brucella melitensis can be prevented by attenuated vaccines
T
279
Self-limiting nature of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis is strong
T
280
Brucella melitensis can infect only goats
F
281
Antibodies against Brucella melitensis can be detected in small ruminants all over Europe.
F
282
melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe.
F
283
Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis.
T
284
B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting.
T
285
Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine.
T
286
Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis
T
287
Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination .
F
288
Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis
F
289
Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area.
T
290
Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis.
T
291
Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating
T
292
B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen.
T
293
B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary
F
294
In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta.
T
295
Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis.
F
296
In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture.
T
297
In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be
infected by cattle.
T
298
Hares are susceptible to B. abortus.
F
299
Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis
F
300
Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans.
T
301
High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans.
T
302
Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis
T
303
Brucella canis cannot cause abortion in dogs, it causes only orchitis in males.
F
304
Brucella canis can be isolated from blood of infected dogs for years post infection
T
305
Brucella suis can infect dogs.
T
306
Brucella canis is the aetiological agent of canine brucellosis.
T
307
Scrotal dermatitis is a characteristic clinical sign of canine brucellosis
T
308
Dogs and cats can be infected with brucella abortus without any clinical signs
T
309
Brucella canis is shed in the semen
T
310
Brucella melitensis can infect dogs
T
311
Brucella abortus can infect dogs
T
312
Brucella canis can infect humans
T
313
Agent of canine brucellosis can infect humans.
T
314
Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe.
F
315
Dogs and cats can carry and shed different Brucella sp. without any clinical signs.
T
316
Rev I. is a live vaccine strain of B. canis
F
317
The most important clinical sign of canine brucellosis is abortion of pregnant bitches.
T
318
For the prevention of canine brucellosis vaccination is a frequently used method in Europe.
F
319
Dogs can carry and shed other Brucella species than B. canis, too.
T
320
Hemoculture is a good diagnostic tool in the diagnostic work of canine brucellosis
T
321
Canine brucellosis is caused by B. canis
T
322
Abortion due to canine brucellosis occurs in final phase of pregnancy
T
323
Canine brucellosis has no clinical sign in male dogs.
F
324
In the case of canine brucellosis the agent can be isolated from blood.
T
325
Canine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease.
T
326
Dog and cat can carry and shed Brucella species.
T
327
Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active
infection
T
328
Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os
T
329
Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis.
T
330
Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers.
F
331
Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis.
T
332
Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis.
T
333
Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis
F
334
Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis.
F
