MYCOBACTERIA Flashcards
1
Q
Giant cells typically occur in tubercles
A
T
2
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalised tuberculosis in pigs
A
T
3
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans.
A
T
4
Q
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonise only cold-blooded animals
A
F
5
Q
Mycobacteria are facultative intracellular bacteria.
A
T
6
Q
Saprophytic and facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot colonise warm blooded
animals.
A
F
7
Q
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the environment.
A
F
8
Q
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only colonize in warm-blooded animals.
A
F
9
Q
There is no antigen connection between facultative and obligate pathogenic
mycobacteria
A
F
10
Q
Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A
F
11
Q
Lympho-haematogenous spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase
of tuberculosis.
A
F
12
Q
There is a close antigen relationship between mycobacteria.
A
T
13
Q
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis only in ruminants
A
F
14
Q
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in goats.
A
T
15
Q
Tuberculin is an extract made from broth culture of mycobacteria
A
T
16
Q
The tuberculin contains antigens from mycobacteria.
A
T
17
Q
Tuberculin is the toxin produced by mycobacteria.
A
F
18
Q
Intra canalicular spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of
tuberculosis
A
T
19
Q
Antibodies against mycobacteria are detected in the tuberculin test
A
F
20
Q
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause local lesions in pigs
A
T
21
Q
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis
A
F
22
Q
Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria
A
T
23
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
A
T
24
Q
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common the early generation:
A
T
25
Mycobacteria can be stained with Ziehl-Neelsen staining
T
26
Mycobacteria cannot be stained
F
27
Obligate pathogenic mycobacteria can occur and replicate in the environment:
F
28
All mycobacteria species are obligate pathogenic.
F
29
The resistance of mycobacteria is low, they die in the environment soon.
F
30
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalised tuberculosis in goats
T
31
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the post primary phase
F
32
Mycobacteria are highly resistant thanks to lipids and waxes in the cell wall
T
33
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
34
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs
T
35
Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
36
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in badgers
T
37
Mycobacterium caprae can infect only goats.
F
38
Tuberculosis lesions in the lymph node are common in the early generalization
T
39
The habitat of the obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment
F
40
Mycobacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria.
F
41
Waxes can be found in the cell wall of Mycobacteria
T
42
Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
F
43
Neutrophil granulocytes can be typically found in tubercles
F
44
Necrosis can be seen in the tubercles.
T
45
The habitat of saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment.
T
46
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria cannot colonize mammals.
F
47
Mycobacteria have several shared antigens.
T
48
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid.
T
49
The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens
F
50
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains large amount of lipopolysaccharide.
T
51
Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals.
T
52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in parrots
T
53
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes generalized tuberculosis in badgers.
F
54
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in poultry
F
55
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid.
T
56
The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens.
F
57
Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals.
T
58
All mycobacteria can replicate in the environment.
F
59
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild living ruminants.
T
60
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild boars.
T
61
If the increase of the thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 1.9 mm the
reaction is positive.
F
62
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is a Type IV. hypersensitivity reaction.
T
63
Antigens of mycobacteria show a close relationship.
T
64
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment only for a few days
F
65
Atypical mycobacteria can cause lesions in pigs
T
66
Mycobacteria caprae can infect cattle, other ruminants and swine
T
67
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis.
F
68
Only cattle maintain bovine tuberculosis
F
69
Obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the infected body
T
70
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in fishes
T
71
Mycobacteria are not resistant, they can survive in the environment for maximum of
two days.
F
72
Mycobacterium suis is the most frequent agent of tuberculosis of pigs.
F
73
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonize the gut of pigs.
T
74
Sometimes facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cause lesions in pig
T
75
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment.
T
76
Mycobacteria cannot be cultured.
F
77
Waxes and lipids in the mycobacteria are virulence factors.
T
78
The agent of avian tuberculosis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium
T
79
Tuberculin test is an allergic test.
T
80
Mycobacteria can be cultured, but their incubation time is long.
T
81
Tuberculosis is diagnosed by detecting antibodies to M. bovis in the blood with ELISA
F
82
The center of the tubercle is necrotized.
??
83
The tubercle consists of histiocytes and foreign body giant cell.
T
84
The causative agents of tuberculosis are obligate pathogenic bacteria.
T
85
Koster staining is a special staining for Mycobacteria.
F
86
Mycobacteria are highly resistant.
T
87
Early generalization of mycobacteria occurs via lympho-hematogenous route.
T
88
In dogs’ tuberculosis can be generalized.
T
89
Late generalization can be characterized by lost resistance.
T
90
In the tubercle, coagulation necrosis is seen
T
91
In the phase of early generalization Mycobacteria do not replicate in the lymph node
F
92
Mycobacteria are a worldwide disease.
T
93
Chronic tuberculosis causes changes in the lymph node.
F
94
Mycobacteria can be demonstrated from the discharge of sick animals by staining.
T
95
Tuberculosis can be demonstrated earliest by ELISA.
F
96
Tuberculosis can first be diagnosed by PCR
F
97
Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with certainty serology.
F
98
Mycobacterium infection in pigs can be zoonotic
T
99
Mycobacterium spp. in swine can be caused by atypical mycobacteria
T
100
Mycobacteria in swine can be caused by M. bovis and produces localized lesions
F
101
M. tuberculosis is a common mycobacterium infection of pig
F
102
Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria.
T
103
Sawdust bedding can predispose pigs to infection by facultative pathogenic
mycobacteria.
T
104
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs.
F
105
The habitat of pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil.
F
106
The habitat of facultative pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil.
F
107
Only cattle are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis.
F
108
Some facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in cold blooded
animals
T
109
In the case of avian tuberculosis, no tubercles are formed.
F
110
Avian tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium gallinarum
F
111
Avian tuberculosis is a generalised disease.
T
112
The most severe form of avian tuberculosis can be seen in 1-4 week old chicken:
F
113
The agent of avian tuberculosis infects animals generally per os:
T
114
Mycobacterium avium subsp avium causes tuberculosis in humans
F
115
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium causes avian tuberculosis
T
116
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
T
117
The agent of avian tuberculosis can survive in the soil for several months:
T
118
Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian tuberculosis
T
119
Clinical signs of avian tuberculosis can be seen in old birds
T
120
Poultry are widely vaccinated for the prevention of avian tuberculsosis
F
121
Avian tuberculosis is very frequent in large scale poultry farms
F
122
The causative agent of avian tuberculosis is a resistant bacterium
T
123
Avian tuberculosis is mainly seen in chicken below 2 months of age
F
124
In case of avian tuberculosis tubercles can be seen in liver and spleen.
T
125
Avian tuberculosis is treated with penicillin and tetracyclines.
F
126
Only Mycobacterium avium subsp. Avium can infect birds.
F
127
Avian tuberculosis has been eradicated in Europe.
F
128
Avian tuberculosis can be typically seen in old, adult birds
F
129
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause clinical signs in some bird species.
T
130
The agent of avian tuberculosis cannot survive in the environment, its resistance is low
F
131
Avian tuberculosis usually occurs at 6-8 weeks of age.
F
132
Avian tuberculosis result in local processes.
F
133
Avian tuberculosis can be diagnosed by slide agglutination or ELISA.
T
134
Avian tuberculosis is a common disease in large scale farms causing high economic losses
F
135
Waterfowl are more susceptible to avian tuberculosis
F
136
Crepitation during liver transection is characteristic for avian tuberculosis.
F
137
Tuberculosis of poultry occur mainly in breeder flocks.
T
138
Avian tuberculosis occur over 1 year of age.
T
139
The tuberculin test is unreliable in poultry.
T
140
The agent of paratuberculosis is a facultative intracellular bacterium
F
141
Paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis.
T
142
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faeces.
T
143
Aerosol infection is the main form of transmission of paratuberculosis.
T
144
The resistance of the agent of paratuberculosis is low, it cannot survive in the environment.
F
145
Paratuberculosis occurs most frequently in pigs:
F
146
Clinical signs of paratuberculosis can mainly be seen only in those cases that were infected in
the first six months of life:
T
147
Fibrinous pneumonia is a typical lesion of paratuberculosis:
F
148
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed only after the appearance of the clinical signs
F
149
The most severe clinical signs of Paratuberculosis can be seen in suckling calves
F
150
Lesions are seen in the lungs of animals infected with paratuberculosis
F
151
Paratuberculosis has been eradicated from Europe
F
152
The clinical signs of paratuberculosis is more severe in calves than in adults.
F
153
Dyspnoea and nasal discharge are the main clinical signs of paratuberculosis
F
154
Paratuberculosis occurs mainly in the tropical and subtropical countries.
F
155
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faces and milk. T
T
156
The clinical signs of paratuberculosis are more severe in sheep than cattle.
F
157
Paratuberculosis is seen in young calves
F
158
Lesions of paratuberculosis are localized in the small intestine
T
159
In the case of paratuberculosis tuberculi can be seen in the anterior lobes of the lungs
F
160
Paratuberculosis can be treated with polymyxins.
F
161
Paratuberculosis is seen cows above 2 years of age.
T
162
Lesions of the paratuberculosis are localized in the small and large intestine
F
163
In the case of paratuberculosis no tuberculi are seen.
T
164
Weight loss is a typical sign of paratuberculosis.
T
165
In paratuberculosis, the nodules are seen primarily in the large intestine.
F
166
Paratuberculosis can be demonstrated by LST during early stages of infection.
T
167
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by early vaccination of the calves.
T
168
Paratuberculosis can be treated with penicillin and enrofloxacin.
?
169
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination.
T
170
Paratuberculosis is believed to cause Chron’s disease.
T
171
Young animals are resistant to paratuberculosis.
F
172
Wasting is the main clinical sign.
??
173
Paratuberculosis is also called Johne’s disease.
T
174
It is a chronic disease with diarrhoea affecting mainly ruminants (CS: 2-5 years)
T
175
he disease paratuberculosis can develop in animals above 2 months
F
176
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination only in countries where it is eradicated.
T
177
In Paratuberculosis, nodules can be found in intestinum crassum.
F
178
Young animals are more susceptible to paratuberculosis
T
179
Paratuberculosis virulence factor is phospholipase C.
T
180
Paratuberculosis cause proliferative enteritis in small intestines.
T
181
Cattle paratuberculosis shows more severe lesions than sheep/goat.
T
182
Mainly proliferative lesions can be seen in the late generalization phase of bovine
tuberculosis.
F
183
Bovine tuberculosis is sustained by infected animals
T
184
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the early generalization
T
185
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in milk.
T
186
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in tracheal discharge.
T
187
Infection of cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is frequently asymptomatic.
T
188
The sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test is above 90% in cattle.
T
189
If the tuberculin test is negative, it has to be repeated immediately.
F
190
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with
facultative pathogenic mycobacteria.
F
191
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
F
192
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is in the exhaust phase
T
193
The tuberculin has to be injected in the skin fold in the skin intra dermal test.
T
194
The tuberculin test is used for the detection of infection of animals with mycobacteria.
T
195
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
1.8 mm and there are no local lesions or signs
T
196
The intradermal tuberculin test is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there are local lesions or signs.
T
197
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there is no local lesions or signs
F
198
If the resistance of the animal is high, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis can be
seen
F
199
In the case of bovine tuberculosis aerogenic infection is the most frequent way of
infection
T
200
In the case of bovine tuberculosis always exudative lesions can be seen.
F
201
Selection (test & slaughter) and generation shift methods can be used for eradication of
bovine tuberculosis.
T
202
Europe is free from bovine tuberculosis; bovine tuberculosis does not occur in Europe at
all.
F
203
Rifampicin is frequently used for the treatment of bovine tuberculosis
F
204
The thermal tuberculin test can be used in order to examine the organic reaction of
bovine tuberculosis
T
205
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if only short time (1-3 weeks) has
passed since the infection
T
206
Positive reaction of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
T
207
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with
certain Corynebacterium species
T
208
Mycobacterium bovis is an agent of bovine tuberculosis:
T
209
If the cellular immune reaction of cattle is weak, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis
can be seen:
T
210
Bovine tuberculosis cause mainly exudative lesions in calves below 1 month
F
211
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
212
In case of infection with mycobacterium bovis the reaction against bovine and avian
tuberculin is about the same in cattle:
F
213
Cough is a typical clinical sign of bovine pulmonary tuberculosis:
T
214
Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae belong to the mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex:
T
215
The incubation time of bovine tuberculosis is 1-2 weeks:
F
216
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs:
T
217
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read 24 hours after injection:
F
218
Dermatitis nodosa is caused by mycobacterium bovis:
F
219
Only aerosol infection occurs in the case of bovine tuberculosis:
F
220
The skin intradermal tuberculin test can be repeated within a week if necessary.
F
221
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in humans.
T
222
The primary complex of bovine tuberculosis is generally seen in the gastrointestinal tract
T
223
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by pre-allergy
F
224
In the intradermal skin test for tuberculosis, other mycobacteria can cause false positive.
T
225
The skin intra-dermal tuberculin test is a type IV hyper-sensitivity test
T
226
Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae can cause bovine tuberculosis
T
227
The tuberculin skin test is positive if the skin thickness is 2mm and local signs such as
severe oedema of the neck is present.
T ? 4MM
228
In the exhaust phase of Tuberculosis, the tuberculin test can be false positive.
F
229
The primary complex in bovine tuberculosis is mainly in the respiratory tract.
T
230
The tuberculin test is inconclusive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 3.2
mm and it is painful.
F
231
The tuberculin test is negative for 3 weeks after infection.
T
232
Cattle are vaccinated every year in order to prevent tuberculosis
F
233
The tuberculin reaction is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 4.1
mm.
T
234
If the increase of thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 4.1 mm, the reaction
is inconclusive
F
235
If the positive tuberculin reaction is caused by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria the
positivity will disappear after a few months.
T
236
Cough is a frequent sign of bovine tuberculosis.
T
237
Intestinal tuberculosis has no clinical signs in cattle.
F
238
Badgers can infect cattle with Mycobacterium bovis.
T
239
Vaccines are widely used to prevent bovine tuberculosis.
F
240
Mycobacterium bovis cannot cause tuberculosis in pigs.
F
241
Mycobacterium bovis can infect cage birds.
T
242
Parallergy lasts lifelong in the case of cattle
F
243
Inhalation is the most frequent form of infection in the case of bovine tuberculosis.
T
244
Parallergy results in false negative reaction in the tuberculin test.
F
245
If the thickness of the skin is increased with 3.4 mm in the tuberculin test and local
lesions are present, test is inconclusive.
F
246
Tuberculotic cattle are treated with antibiotics for at least three weeks
F
247
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read after 72 h.
T
248
If the intradermal tuberculin test is inconclusive, it has to be repeated within a week
F
249
If the skin fold become 3 mm thicker in the skin intradermal tuberculin test and is
painful, the test is positive.
T
250
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium can cause positive tuberculin reaction in cattle
T
251
At bovine tuberculosis the resistance of the infected animals effects the clinical
manifestation
T
252
At most cases bovine tuberculosis has a rapid, acute progression.
F
253
Bovine tuberculosis shows clinical signs mainly under the age of 6 months
F
254
The main pathogen causing bovine tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
255
Bovine tuberculosis only affects the lungs
F
256
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis
T
257
Tuberculosis causes generalized disease by organic infection in cattle
T
258
Tuberculosis cannot infect cattle per os
F
259
Tuberculosis in cattle occurs especially in young animals.
F
260
Cattle tuberculosis can be diagnosed by serological methods
F
261
Cattle tuberculosis is always generalized.
F
262
Tuberculosis in cattle is prevented with frequent vaccinations.
F
263
Cattle are infected with M. bovis mainly per os and enteric tuberculosis is most frequent.
F
264
Cattle infected with M. bovis will carry the bacterium for a maximum of 1 year.
F
265
In intestinal tuberculosis, diarrhoea is the main clinical sign.
T
266
In the case of bovine tuberculosis foetuses are generally not infected.
T
267
Generation shift can be used for eradication of tuberculosis.
T
268
Vaccination of 6-month-old calves with BCG vaccine will result eradication of
tuberculosis
F
269
After infection with Mycobacterium bovis cattle remain lifelong carriers.
T
270
The primary complex in cattle is generally in the lungs and the mediastinal lymph nodes
T
271
In cattle extrapulmonary tuberculosis does not occur.
F
272
Late generalization is characterized by productive processes
F
273
Chronic tuberculosis affects organs together with lymph nodes.
T
274
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.5 mm
F
275
Tuberculin test can detect about 50% of the infected animals.
F
276
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is highly sensitive in cattle
T
277
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.1 mm.
F
278
In case of positive tuberculin reactions in a herd, movement restriction has to be
implemented.
T
279
The PPD-tuberculin (purified protein derivative) contains the antigenic abstract of the
agent.
T
280
During the general tuberculin test we give the tuberculin SC or IV.
F
281
General tuberculin test is used to trigger a hypersensitivity reaction.
T
282
The general tuberculin test (name) is not really used now a days.
T
283
The tuberculin test can be false negative in cattle within 3 weeks after infection.
T
284
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False positive in case of infection by
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
T
285
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of anergy
T
286
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of pre-allergy
T
287
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of older, demarcated
nodule
T
288
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of old, encapsulated lesions.
T
289
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of pre-infection.
T
290
At the end of the disease the probe/intradermal skin test can be negative.
T
291
In other types of tuberculosis infections the intradermal tuberculin can be positive.
T
292
Using the thermal tuberculin test, organic reactions can be increased.
T
293
In case of para-allergic reaction we carry out the comparative tuberculin test. In case
of para-allergic reaction we eliminate the positive animals immediately.
T
294
In case of para-allergic reaction we perform a test-cut.
F
295
In addition to para-allergic test we can carry out a gamma interferon test.
T
