Building blocks of cells

Question 1

what are macromolecules

Answer 1

organic biological molecules made up of smaller units called monomers that are joined by covalent bonds, can be polymeric or non polymeric molecules

Question 2

what is a polymeric molecule

Answer 2

large molecules (macromolecules) composed of many repeating, smaller units called monomers, linked together by covalent bonds

Question 3

what is a non polymeric molecule

Answer 3

are macromolecules that are not built from repeating units

Question 4

the 4 main macromolecules

Answer 4

1. polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
2. nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
3. Proteins
4. Lipids (the only non polymeric molecule in list)

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

polymers of monosaccharides

Question 6

what are the four levels of carbohydrates

Answer 6

1. monosaccharides
2. disaccharides
3. oligosaccharides
4. polysaccharides

Question 7

monosaccharides

Answer 7

the single unit building blocks of carbohydrates

Question 8

function of hexose monosaccharides

Answer 8

are the building blocks of higher order carbohydrates

Question 9

function of pentose monosaccharides

Answer 9

are usually part of larger molecules (nucleic acids)

Question 10

disaccharides

Answer 10

made of 2 monosaccharides joined together

Question 11

oligosaccharides

Answer 11

between 3 and 10 monosaccharides joined together

Question 12

polysaccharides

Answer 12

more than 10 monosaccharides joined together

Question 13

3 functions of carbohydrates

Answer 13

1. recognition
2. energy storage in polysaccharides
3. structure (cellulose in cell wall of plant cell)

Question 14

nucleic acids

Answer 14

polymers of nucleotides

Question 15

nucleotide

Answer 15

made of phosphate, base and ribose sugar

Question 16

the 5 common nucleic acid bases

Answer 16

1. T- thymine
2. A - adenine
3. C - cytosine
4. G - guanine
5. U - uracil

Question 17

proteins

Answer 17

molecules by which cells preform their functions in the whole organism, polymers of amino acids

Question 18

8 function of proteins

Answer 18

1. structural - collagen
2. regulatory - insulin
3. contractile - myosin and actin
4. transport - hemoglobin and cytochrome
5. storage - albumin (egg white)
6. protective - antibodies
7. catalytic - hydrolytic in lysosomes and RNA polymerase
8. toxic - botulinum toxin and diphtheria toxin

Question 19

Lipids

Answer 19

non polymeric molecules, that are hydrophobic and heterogeneous

Question 20

3 functions of lipids

Answer 20

1. structural - cholesterol and phospholipids in the cell membrane
2. regulatory - testosterone and estrogen
3. energy