Buzzwords Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
Marfanoid habitus + thromboembolism:
A
Homocystinuria
2
Q
Cherry-red macula + hepatosplenomegaly:
A
Niemann-Pick disease
3
Q
Cherry-red macula + no hepatosplenomegaly:
A
Tay-Sachs disease
4
Q
Musty body odor:
A
Phenylketonuria
5
Q
Self-mutilation in a boy:
A
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
6
Q
Black urine upon standing:
A
Alkaptonuria
7
Q
Hypoglycemia + hepatomegaly:
A
Von Gierke disease
8
Q
Weak cry + sweet-smelling urine:
A
Maple Syrup Urine disease
9
Q
Hyperammonemia + neurological deficits:
A
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
10
Q
Dislocated lens (upward):
A
Marfan syndrome
11
Q
Dislocated lens (downward):
A
Homocystinuria
12
Q
Fatty liver with hypoketotic hypoglycemia:
A
Medium-chain acetyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
13
Q
Splenomegaly + pancytopenia+ crinckled paper cells
A
Gaucher disease
14
Q
Hypotonia + hepatomegaly:
A
Pompe disease
15
Q
Branching, gram-positive rod in soil:
A
Nocardia
16
Q
Acid-fast stain:
A
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
17
Q
Rust-colored sputum:
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
18
Q
Hypercalcemia + stones, bones, moans, and groans:
A
Hyperparathyroidism
19
Q
Diarrhea + daycares:
A
Rotavirus
20
Q
Diarrhea + cruise ships:
A
Norovirus
21
Q
Diarrhea + contaminated poultry:
A
Salmonella
22
Q
Comma-shaped bacteria:
A
Vibrio cholerae
23
Q
A
24
Q
Undercooked pork + CNS cysts:
A
Taenia solium
25
Flu-like illness after cat litter exposure:
Toxoplasma gondii
26
Diarrhea + shellfish:
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
27
Burn wound infection:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
28
Painless genital ulcer:
Treponema pallidum
29
Painful genital ulcer: Haemophilus ducreyi
Haemophilus ducreyi
30
Post-viral pneumonia:
Staphylococcus aureus
31
Currant jelly sputum:
Klebsiela pneumoniae
32
Grey pseudomembrane in throat:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
33
Sepsis after dog or cat bite:
Pasteurella multocida
34
Sheep’s blood agar:
Streptococcus pyogenes
35
Fever + bradycardia:
Salmonella typhi
36
Cyst in liver after dog exposure:
Echinococcus granulosus
37
Onion-skinning of bile ducts:
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
38
Nutmeg liver:
Chronic passive congestion
39
Soap bubble” lesion in bone:
Giant cell tumor
40
Bamboo spine:
Ankylosing spondylitis
41
Bence Jones protein:
Multiple myeloma
42
Punched-out lesions on skull X-ray:
Multiple myeloma
43
Honeycomb lung:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
44
String of beads” appearance on imaging:
Fibromuscular dysplasia
45
Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia:
• ↑ Cortisol
• Hypercortisolism (regardless of cause)
• Cushing disease = ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Causes:
• Exogenous corticosteroids – most common cause
• ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma – Cushing disease
• Ectopic ACTH production – e.g., small cell lung carcinoma
• Adrenal adenoma/carcinoma/hyperplasia
Labs:
• ↑ Cortisol
• ↑ ACTH (if pituitary or ectopic source)
• ↓ ACTH (if adrenal tumor or exogenous steroids)
• Hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Diagnostic Tests:
• Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test – no suppression = Cushing syndrome
• High-dose dexamethasone suppression test
• Suppression = Cushing disease
• No suppression = ectopic ACTH or adrenal tumor
• 24-hour urinary free cortisol – ↑
• Late-night salivary cortisol – ↑
Cushing syndrome
46
Crew-cut” appearance on skull X-ray:
Glutamic acid (replaces) → valine at position 6
Peripheral Blood Smear:
• Sickled RBCs
• Howell-Jolly bodies (after splenic infarction/asplenia)
• Target cells
• Autosplenectomy – repeated splenic infarction → increased risk of encapsulated organisms (e.g., S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, N. meningitidis)
• Salmonella osteomyelitis
Aplastic crisis – triggered by Parvovirus B19
Sickle cell anemia
47
Kidney:
• Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis – most common severe subtype
• Wire-loop lesions (immune complex deposition in glomeruli)
Autoantibodies:
• ANA+ (Antinuclear antibody) – Sensitive, not specific
• Anti-dsDNA – Specific, associated with renal disease
• Anti-Smith – Specific (snRNPs)
• Anti-histone – Drug-induced lupus
• Antiphospholipid antibodies – Hypercoagulable state
Immunopathology:
• Type III hypersensitivity (immune complex deposition)
• Low complement levels (C3, C4, CH50)
Anti-dsDNA antibodies:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
48
Codman triangle on X-ray, • Sunburst pattern (spiculated periosteal reaction)
• Codman triangle (elevation of periosteum)
• Mixed lytic and sclerotic lesion
Histology:
• Pleomorphic osteoblasts
• Production of osteoid matrix
Osteosarcoma
49
Schistocytes :
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
50
Basophilic stippling:
Lead poisoning
51
Birbeck granules: Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
52
Psammoma bodies:
PSaMMoma” tumors
P: Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
S: Serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
M: Meningioma
M: Malignant mesothelioma
53
“Starry sky” appearance:
Burkitt lymphoma
54
Target cells
Thalassemia or liver disease
55
Anticentromere antibodies:
CREST syndrome
56
Dry as a bone, blind as a bat:
Atropine toxicity
57
Cough + angioedema:
ACE inhibitors
58
Blue vision:
Sildenafil
59
Tendon rupture, cartilage damage :
Fluoroquinolones
60
Fanconi syndrome:
Tetracyclines
61
Corneal deposits:
Amiodarone
62
Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency:
Sulfa drugs, fava beans
63
Drug-induced Parkinsonism:
Antipsychotics
64
65
Wide S2 splitting:
Pulmonary hypertension
66
Paradoxical splitting:
Aortic stenosis
67
Increased pulse pressure:
Aortic regurgitation
68
Increased AFP in pregnancy:
Neural tube defects
69
Bounding pulses:
Aortic regurgitation
70
Ejection click:
Aortic stenosis
71
Cannon A waves:
AV dissociation
72
Wide pulse pressure:
Aortic regurgitation
73
Triphasic friction rub:
Pericarditis
74
Midsystolic click:
Mitral valve prolapse
75
Crescendo-decrescendo murmur:
Aortic stenosis
76
