Favorites 5

Question 1

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 1

early-onset emphysema (panacinar, lower lobes), PAS+ globules in liver

Question 2

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 2

farmer’s lung, type III/IV hypersensitivity

Question 3

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 3

Coal → upper lobes, anthracosis

Silica → ↑ TB risk, “eggshell” calcifications

Asbestos → ferruginous bodies, lower lobes

Question 4

Goodpasture syndrome

Answer 4

anti-GBM (type II), hemoptysis + hematuria

Question 5

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 5

TB, sarcoidosis, Crohn’s, fungal infections

Question 6

Caseating granulomas

Answer 6

TB, histoplasmosis

Question 7

Non-caseating granulomas

Answer 7

sarcoidosis, berylliosis, Crohn’s

Question 8

Langhans giant cells

Answer 8

granulomas, horseshoe nuclei

Question 9

Clubbing of fingers

Answer 9

chronic hypoxia, lung cancer, CF, cyanotic heart dz

Question 10

Pancoast tumor

Answer 10

shoulder pain, Horner syndrome, brachial plexus involvement

Question 11

Small cell carcinoma

Answer 11

ACTH or ADH secretion, Lambert-Eaton syndrome

Question 12

Adenocarcinoma of lung

Answer 12

nonsmokers, peripheral, mucin-producing

Question 13

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 13

smokers, central, keratin pearls, hypercalcemia

Question 14

Large cell carcinoma

Answer 14

poorly differentiated, peripheral

Question 15

Bronchial carcinoid tumor

Answer 15

chromogranin+, may cause carcinoid syndrome

Question 16

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 16

flushing, diarrhea, right-sided heart murmur

Question 17

Pleural plaques

Answer 17

asbestosis (not precancerous but marker of exposure)

Question 18

Hamartoma

Answer 18

coin lesion, “popcorn” calcifications

Question 19

ARDS

Answer 19

diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membranes

Question 20

Neonatal RDS

Answer 20

surfactant deficiency → ground-glass lungs

Question 21

Thymoma associations

Answer 21

myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia

Question 22

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 22

thymic aplasia → ↓ T cells, hypocalcemia

Question 23

Paraneoplastic syndromes

Answer 23

ACTH (small cell), PTHrP (SCC), cerebellar degeneration

Question 24

Horner syndrome

Answer 24

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (sympathetic chain lesion

Question 25

Cavernous sinus syndrome

Answer 25

ophthalmoplegia + facial sensory loss

Question 26

Facial nerve lesion (UMN vs. LMN)

Answer 26

forehead spared in UMN

Question 27

Bell’s palsy

Answer 27

LMN CN VII → unilateral facial droop, hyperacusis

Question 28

Holoprosencephaly

Answer 28

failure of prosencephalon to divide, associated with Patau & FAS

Question 29

Chiari II malformation

Answer 29

cerebellar tonsil herniation + myelomeningocele

Question 30

Dandy-Walker malformation

Answer 30

enlarged 4th ventricle, cerebellar vermis agenesis

Question 31

Neural tube defects

Answer 31

↑ AFP (except spina bifida occulta)

Question 32

Kernicterus

Answer 32

unconjugated bilirubin in basal ganglia → brain damage in newborns

Question 33

Crigler-Najjar vs. Gilbert

Answer 33

both UGT defects, CN = severe, Gilbert = mild

Question 34

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Answer 34

black liver, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 35

Rotor syndrome

Answer 35

like DJS but no black liver

Question 36

Esophageal varices

Answer 36

portal HTN, left gastric vein

Question 37

Caput medusae

Answer 37

portal HTN, paraumbilical veins

Question 38

Internal vs. external hemorrhoids

Answer 38

above vs. below pectinate line (visceral vs. somatic pain

Question 39

Celiac disease

Answer 39

anti-TTG, villous atrophy, ↑ risk of T-cell lymphoma

Question 40

Tropical sprue

Answer 40

similar to celiac but in tropics, responds to antibiotics

Question 41

Whipple disease

Answer 41

PAS+ macrophages, Tropheryma whipple

Question 42

Lactose intolerance

Answer 42

↓ stool pH, ↑ hydrogen breath test

Question 43

Zenker diverticulum

Answer 43

halitosis, dysphagia, false diverticulum

Question 44

Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 44

rule of 2s, ectopic gastric mucosa, technetium scan

Question 45

Volvulus

Answer 45

twisting of bowel → obstruction + ischemia

Question 46

Intussusception

Answer 46

currant jelly stool, target sign on US

Question 47

Appendicitis

Answer 47

McBurney’s point, pain migrates from periumbilical to RLQ

Question 48

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Answer 48

hamartomatous polyps + mucocutaneous pigmentation

Question 49

FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis)

Answer 49

100% risk of colon cancer

Question 50

Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)

Answer 50

DNA mismatch repair genes, colon + endometrial cancer