To Know

Question 1

HTN rx in pregnancy

Answer 1

Hydralazine, Methyldopa, Labetalol, Nifedipine

“Hypertensive Mom Love Nifedipine “

Question 2

Patient needs NSAID but has gastric ulcers
(Past history of GI bleeding, can receive COX1 inhibitor)

Answer 2

Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor)

Question 3

Patient has heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Answer 3

• Stop heparin
• Give direct thrombin inhibitor (Agatroban)

Question 4

Patient needs furosemide but has a sulfa allergy

Answer 4

Ethacrynic acid (loop diuretic, non sulfa)

Question 5

Two most common drugs related to gynecomastia

Answer 5

• Spironolactone ( switch to Eplerenone)
• Ketoconazole

Question 6

Diuretics that cause Hypercalcemia

Answer 6

Thiazides

Also, worsened gout/hyperuricemia

Question 7

Diuretics that cause Hypocalcemia

Answer 7

Loops diuretics (Loops lose)

Also Ototoxicity

Question 8

Rx that cause ototoxicity

Answer 8

Aminoglycosides
Loops
Cisplatin
ASA

Question 9

Rx that cause nephrotixicity

Answer 9

Aminoglycoside
Amphotericin B

Question 10

Big causes of dilated cardiomyopathy ( sudden heart failure)

Answer 10

• Alcohol
  Rx: stop alcohol
• Doxorubicin / Danorubicin
  Rx: Dexrazoxane

Question 11

Orange bodily secretions

Answer 11

Rifampin

Question 12

Red man syndrome

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Question 13

Grey baby syndrome

Answer 13

Chloramphenicol

Question 14

Side effects of … cause Agranulocytosis

Answer 14

Clozapine (antipsychotic)

Monitor CBC Clozly

Question 15

Drug induced Lupus (anti Histone Ab)

Answer 15

QMIPH

• Hydralazine
• Isoniazid
• Procainamide
• Methyldopa
• Quinidine

Question 16

What drug causes cough and angioedema

Answer 16

ACE inhibitors (switch to ARBs)
Mechanism: bradykinin buildup

Question 17

What drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis?

Answer 17

Cyclophosphamide

Treat with Mesna

Question 18

S.E : cartilage damage in children

Answer 18

Fluoroquinolones

Question 19

S.E: Bone/ Tooth damage

Answer 19

Tetracyclines

Question 20

S.E: Prolonged QT syndrome

Answer 20

Azithromycin , Class Ia, Class Ic , Class III anti arrhytmics
They affect the K+ current

Question 21

Rx causing hemolysis in G6P deficient patient

Answer 21

Quinidine
Sulfonamides
Isoniazid

Question 22

TB drugs complications

Answer 22

Rifampin : Orange secretions
Isoniazid: Neuropathy, B6 deficiency, Drug-SLE, Hemolysis
Pyrazinamide: Gout
Ethambutol: Optic neuritis

Ripe ONGO

Question 23

TB drugs

Answer 23

Rifampin : Orange secretions
Isoniazid: Neuropathy, B6 deficiency, Drug-SLE, Hemolysis
Pyrazinamide: Gout
Ethambutol: Optic neuritis

Ripe ONGO

Question 24

Gram positive bacteria sensitivity

Answer 24

Staph epidermis: novobiocin
Strep pyogenes: bacitracin
Strep pneumoniae: optochin

Question 25

Bacteria capsule protects against…

Answer 25

Phagocytosis

Question 26

Lipotechoic acid and spore forming are only found in

Answer 26

Gram+ bacteria

Question 27

Lipotechoic acids induce… and …

Answer 27

TNF-a IL-1

Question 28

Bacterias that do not Gram stain well

Answer 28

Treponema, Leptospira Mycobacteria Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia

Question 29

Periodic acid-Schiff stain stains only … and is used to diagnose…

Answer 29

Glycogen Whipple disease ( Tropheryma whipplei)

Question 30

India ink stain is used to diagnose…

Answer 30

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 31

Silver stain is used to diagnose

Answer 31

H pylori Legionella Bartonella henselae Fungi ( Coccidioides, P jirovecii, Aspergillus fumigatus)

Question 32

Stain used to identify Treponema pallidum

Answer 32

FTA- ABS

Question 33

Haemophilus influenzae is cultured on …

Answer 33

Chocolate agar

Question 34

Haemophilus influenzae is cultured on …

Answer 34

Chocolate agar

Question 35

Thayer-Martin agar is used to culture …

Answer 35

N meningitidis N gonorrhoeae

Question 36

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is cultured on

Answer 36

Eaton agar

Question 37

E coli is cultured on …

Answer 37

Eosin-methylene blue agar

Question 38

Fungi are cultured on …

Answer 38

Sabouraud agar

Question 39

Obligate intracellular bacteria

Answer 39

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Coxiella

Question 40

Pigment producing bacteria

Answer 40

Actinomyces israelii : yellow sulfur granules S aureus: golden yellow pigment P aeruginosa : blue green pigment ( pyocyanin and pyoverdin) Serratia marcescens : red pigment

Question 41

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

Answer 41

Surgery or trauma of the femoral head can cause tearing of the “medial circumflex femoral artery “ which can lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Risk factors: elderly, osteoporotic female

Question 42

The anastomosis which causes esophageal varices is between

Answer 42

The left gastric vein and the azygous vein in the lower part of the esophagus

Question 43

The anastomosis which causes anorectal varices is formed between

Answer 43

the superior rectal vein and the medial and inferior rectal veins

Question 44

The … is implicated in Bell’s palsy. Terminal branches of this nerve can be nicked during parotid surgery

Answer 44

Facial nerve

Question 45

The lesser omentum consists of …. and … It contains hepatic artery proper, common bile duct, portal vein, hepatic plexus, local lymphatic structures

Answer 45

Hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

Question 46

… is a proteasome inhibitor that decreases ability of MCH1 to present antigen to CD8 + T cell

Answer 46

Bortezomib

Question 47

Mechanism of innate vs adaptative immunity

Answer 47

Innate: germline encoded Adaptative : created via V(D)J recombination ( ( B, T cells, antibodies) memory cells produced)

Question 48

… …. produces several extra cellular products : exotoxin A, collagenase, elastase, fibrinolysin, phospholipase C, DNAse; that assist into his invasion and dissemination in the human tissues

Answer 48

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 49

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exotoxin A similar to … …

Answer 49

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Question 50

Epstein Bar receptor

Answer 50

CD 31

Question 51

Mononucleosis with negative monospot test

Answer 51

CMV

Question 52

Best next step management to treat E coli UTI

Answer 52

Nitrofurantoin

Question 53

Majority of patients with Hep C remain persistently viremic and develop chronic HCV unless they receive treatment with … therapy

Answer 53

Antiviral

Question 54

… has estrogen agonist activity on bone , inhibiting bone resorption and improving bone mineral density while exhibiting estrogen antagonist activity in the breast and endometrial tissue Medicines with estrogen agonist activity, including SERMs, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy , cause a prothrombotic state and can increase the risk for venous thromboembolism

Answer 54

Raloxifene

Question 55

The most common manifestation of neurocysticercosis is …. …. due to intraparenchymal brain lesions

Answer 55

Adult-onset seizures

Question 56

The presence of a scolex, the anterior portion of the worm with hooks and suckers is diagnostic of …

Answer 56

Neurocysticercosis

Question 57

Tyrosine is transformed to dopamine, via

Answer 57

Metyrosine

Question 58

S epidermidis is a common cause of foreign body infections due to its ability to produce … …

Answer 58

Adherent biofilms

Question 59

… … is a surface protein found on the cell wall of S aureus that binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins. S aureus uses … … to inhibit opsonization and phagocytic engulfment

Answer 59

Protein A