Favorites 3

Question 1

Uncal herniation

Answer 1

CN III palsy (down & out eye + dilated pupil)

Question 2

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 2

“Worst headache of my life,” rupture of berry aneurysm

Question 3

Epidural hematoma

Answer 3

biconvex lens, middle meningeal artery

Question 4

Subdural hematoma

Answer 4

crescent shape, bridging veins

Question 5

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm

Answer 5

basal ganglia hemorrhage from HTN

Question 6

Anterior spinal artery infarct

Answer 6

bilateral motor loss below lesion, preserved vibration

Question 7

Brown-Séquard syndrome

Answer 7

hemisection = ipsi motor/vibration, contra pain/temp

Question 8

Syringomyelia

Answer 8

cape-like bilateral loss of pain/temp (spinothalamic)

Question 9

Friedreich ataxia

Answer 9

GAA repeat, ataxia + HOCM + DM

Question 10

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 10

bilateral amygdala lesion, hyperphagia, hypersexuality

Question 11

Wernicke aphasia

Answer 11

fluent but meaningless speech, impaired comprehension (temporal lobe)

Question 12

Broca aphasia

Answer 12

broken speech, good comprehension (frontal lobe)

Question 13

Gerstmann syndrome

Answer 13

dominant parietal lobe, agraphia, acalculia, left-right confusion

Question 14

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 14

α-synuclein (Lewy bodies), bradykinesia, tremor

Question 15

Huntington disease

Answer 15

CAG repeat, caudate atrophy, ↓ GABA

Question 16

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 16

β-amyloid plaques, tau tangles

Question 17

Lewy body dementia

Answer 17

visual hallucinations + Parkinsonism

Question 18

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 18

wet, wobbly, wacky (urinary, gait, dementia)

Question 19

ALS (Lou Gehrig)

Answer 19

UMN + LMN signs, no sensory loss

Question 20

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 20

autoantibodies vs. AChR, improves with rest

Question 21

Lambert-Eaton syndrome

Answer 21

antibodies vs. presynaptic Ca²⁺ channels, improves with use

Question 22

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 22

↓ surfactant, lecithin:sphingomyelin <2

Question 23

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 23

machine-like murmur, kept open by PGE₂

Question 24

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 24

PROVe = Pulmonary stenosis, RVH, Overriding aorta, VSD

Question 25

Transposition of great vessels

Answer 25

failure of spiral septum → egg-on-string CXR

Question 26

Coarctation of aorta

Answer 26

rib notching, differential BP

Question 27

Marfan syndrome + aortic dissection

Answer 27

cystic medial necrosis

Question 28

Beck’s triad (tamponade)

Answer 28

hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds

Question 29

Rheumatic fever

Answer 29

JONES criteria, molecular mimicry (M protein)

Question 30

Infective endocarditis

Answer 30

splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Osler nodes

Question 31

Bacterial endocarditis cause (IVDU)

Answer 31

Staph aureus, tricuspid valve

Question 32

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

Answer 32

hereditary telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis

Question 33

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

Answer 33

c-ANCA, saddle nose

Question 34

Goodpasture syndrome

Answer 34

anti-GBM, hematuria + hemoptysis

Question 35

Minimal change disease

Answer 35

effacement of foot processes, kids, steroid responsive

Question 36

Post-strep glomerulonephritis

Answer 36

subepithelial “humps,” cola urine, ↓ C3

Question 37

Alport syndrome

Answer 37

type IV collagen defect, hearing loss + hematuria

Question 38

Rapidly progressive GN (crescentic)

Answer 38

fibrin + macrophages

Question 39

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Answer 39

WT1 mutation, large flank mass in child

Question 40

Hydatidiform mole

Answer 40

snowstorm on ultrasound, ↑ β-hCG

Question 41

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 41

abdominal pain + amenorrhea + β-hCG

Question 42

Complete mole

Answer 42

46,XX or XY, no fetal parts, high β-hCG, ↑ risk choriocarcinoma

Question 43

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 43

XXY, testicular atrophy, tall male, ↑ FSH/LH

Question 44

Turner syndrome

Answer 44

XO, webbed neck, streak ovaries, coarctation of aorta

Question 45

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 45

46,XY, phenotypically female, no uterus

Question 46

5α-reductase deficiency

Answer 46

ambiguous genitalia until puberty

Question 47

CAH (21-hydroxylase deficiency)

Answer 47

↓ cortisol/aldosterone, ↑ androgens, salt-wasting

Question 48

MEN 2A and 2B

Answer 48

RET proto-oncogene, medullary thyroid carcinoma

Question 49

Craniopharyngioma

Answer 49

suprasellar mass, calcifications, cholesterol crystals

Question 50

Pituitary apoplexy

Answer 50

sudden headache, vision loss, hypopituitarism