Favorites 4

Question 1

Cytochrome P450 inducers

Answer 1

rifampin, carbamazepine, St. John’s wort, phenytoin

Question 2

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors

Answer 2

cimetidine, macrolides, azoles, grapefruit juice

Question 3

Zero-order kinetics drugs

Answer 3

phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin (high dose)

Question 4

Drug-induced SLE

Answer 4

hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, sulfa drugs

Question 5

Anticholinergic toxicity

Answer 5

hot, dry, blind, red, mad (“atropine overdose”)

Question 6

Acetaminophen overdose

Answer 6

NAPQI → treat with N-acetylcysteine

Question 7

Methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 7

treat with fomepizole

Question 8

Disulfiram-like reaction

Answer 8

metronidazole, cefoperazone, griseofulvin

Question 9

Sulfa drugs

Answer 9

sulfonamides, sulfasalazine, TMP-SMX, thiazides, furosemide

Question 10

Photosensitivity drugs

Answer 10

sulfa, tetracyclines, amiodarone

Question 11

Red man syndrome

Answer 11

vancomycin (infusion-related histamine)

Question 12

Ototoxic + nephrotoxic

Answer 12

aminoglycosides

Question 13

QT prolongation drugs

Answer 13

macrolides, fluoroquinolones, antipsychotics

Question 14

Torsades de Pointes

Answer 14

antiarrhythmics (Ia, III), methadone, macrolides

Question 15

Pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 15

C. difficile from clindamycin or ampicillin

Question 16

Teratogens

Answer 16

isotretinoin, warfarin, valproate, ACE inhibitors

Question 17

Warfarin embryopathy

Answer 17

nasal hypoplasia, stippled epiphyses

Question 18

Thalidomide

Answer 18

limb defects (“phocomelia”)

Question 19

ACE inhibitor in pregnancy

Answer 19

renal agenesis, oligohydramnios

Question 20

Neural crest derivatives

Answer 20

PNS, melanocytes, adrenal medulla, aorticopulmonary septum

Question 21

2nd aortic arch

Answer 21

stapedial artery

Question 22

3rd aortic arch

Answer 22

common carotid artery

Question 23

4th aortic arch

Answer 23

aortic arch (left), subclavian (right)

Question 24

6th aortic arch

Answer 24

ductus arteriosus

Question 25

Branchial cleft cyst

Answer 25

lateral neck mass that doesn’t move with swallowing

Question 26

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 26

22q11 deletion → thymic + parathyroid aplasia

Question 27

Pierre Robin sequence

Answer 27

micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate

Question 28

Potter sequence

Answer 28

oligohydramnios → limb/facial deformities, pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 29

Meckel diverticulum

Answer 29

vitelline duct remnant, painless rectal bleeding

Question 30

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

Answer 30

cleft lip/palate, holoprosencephaly, polydactyly

Question 31

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

Answer 31

clenched fists, rocker-bottom feet

Question 32

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Answer 32

flat face, Brushfield spots, ASD

Question 33

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 33

smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, microcephaly

Question 34

Microdeletion syndromes

Answer 34

Prader-Willi (paternal), Angelman (maternal)

Question 35

X-linked dominant

Answer 35

Rett syndrome, Fragile X

Question 36

Mitochondrial inheritance

Answer 36

MELAS, Leber optic neuropathy

Question 37

Prion disease

Answer 37

spongiform change, no inflammation, rapidly progressive dementia

Question 38

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Answer 38

periodic sharp waves on EEG

Question 39

Kuru plaques

Answer 39

prion disease from cannibalism (Papua New Guinea)

Question 40

Strep viridans endocarditis

Answer 40

dental procedure, dextran-mediated binding

Question 41

Strep pneumoniae virulence

Answer 41

polysaccharide capsule

Question 42

Staph aureus toxin

Answer 42

TSST-1 (superantigen), exfoliative toxin (scalded skin)

Question 43

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 43

blocks ACh release, floppy baby

Question 44

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 44

tumbling motility, neonatal meningitis

Question 45

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 45

petechial rash, DIC, adrenal hemorrhage

Question 46

H. influenzae

Answer 46

epiglottitis ("thumbprint sign"), PRP capsule

Question 47

E. coli virulence

Answer 47

P fimbriae (UTIs), K capsule (neonatal meningitis)

Question 48

Legionella

Answer 48

pneumonia + hyponatremia + GI symptoms → silver stain

Question 49

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 49

hot tub folliculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum, CF lung infections