Buzzwords - EENT

Question 1

red-rimming of eyelid and eyelash flaking

Answer 1

blepharitis

Question 2

hordeolum

Answer 2

stye - staph 90-95%

-internal (meibomian gland)

Question 3

seidel’s test

Answer 3

parting of fluorescein dye by clear stream of aqueous humor from anterior chamber
-globe rupture

Question 4

hyphema

Answer 4

blood in anterior chamber of eye

• keep at 45 degrees to keep blood from staining cornea
• optho emergency

Question 5

teardrop sign on CT of face

Answer 5

orbital floor “blowout” fracture

Question 6

scotomas

Answer 6

blind spots, shadows (maybe Macular Degen)

Question 7

metamorphopsia

Answer 7

straight lines appear bent (maybe Macular Degen)

Question 8

cotton wool spots (soft exudates), hard exudates, blot & dot hemorrhages

Answer 8

diabetic retinopathy

Question 9

copper/silver wiring, AV nicking, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, papilledema

Answer 9

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 10

normal fundoscopic exam (cup:disc)

Answer 10

normal cup less than half the disc (less than 1:2)

Question 11

shafer’s sign / tobacco dust

Answer 11

retinal detachment - clumping of brown-colored pigment cells in anterior vitreous humor in fundo exam

Question 12

unilateral “curtain coming down” in peripheral initially, then central

Answer 12

retinal detachment

Question 13

temporary “curtain” that “lifts up” usually w/in one hour

Answer 13

amaurosis fugax - retinal emboli or ischemia

• TIA, giant cell arteritis, SLE, CRAO
• monocular vision loss

Question 14

eye - preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery discharge, scant mucoid discharge, conjunctivitis

Answer 14

viral conjunctivitis

Question 15

difference btw orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis

Answer 15

orbital - decreased vision, pain w/ movement

preseptal - no vision change or pain w/ movement

Question 16

strabismus

Answer 16

misalignment of eyes (stable align not until 2-3 mo)
test w/ cover/uncover
-esotropia - convergent (cross-eyed)
-exotropia - divergent (wall-eyed)

Question 17

marcus-gunn pupil

Answer 17

afferent pupillary defect - during swinging-flashlight test from unaffected to affected eye, pupils appear to dilate (should constrict w/ light)
(delayed response of affected optic nerve)

• positive in papillitis, retrobulbar neuritis
• negative in papilledema, glaucoma

Question 18

argyll-robertson pupil

Answer 18

near-light dissociation - pupil constricts on accomodation but doesn’t react to bright light
ARP - accommodation reflex present, pupillary reflex absent

-neurosyphilis MC, midbrain lesion, DM neuropathy

Question 19

conjunctival erythema, steamy cornea, mid-dilated, fixed, nonreactive pupil

Answer 19

acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma

Question 20

cupping of optic discs

Answer 20

glaucoma (open or closed angle)

Question 21

Fundoscopy:
“box car” appearance
pale retina w/ cherry-red macula

Answer 21

central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

Question 22

Fundoscopy:

“blood & thunder” appearance

Answer 22

central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) - extensive retinal hemorrhages

Question 23

malignant otitis externa

Answer 23

osteomyelitis at skull base 2ry to pseudomonas (mc in DM and immunocompromised)
-tx- IV antipseudomonal: ceftazidime, FQ

Question 24

barotrauma

Answer 24

rapid pressure change in ears (airplane descent)

Question 25

weber test

Answer 25

place on top of head - normal - no lateralization - sensorineural loss - lateralizes to normal ear - conductive loss - lateralizes to affected ear

Question 26

rinne test

Answer 26

place on mastoid by ear - normal (positive) - AC>BC - sensorineural loss - AC>BC difficulty hearing own voice - conductive loss - BC>AC (negative)

Question 27

episodic vertigo, no hearing loss

Answer 27

benign positional vertigo

Question 28

episodic vertigo + hearing loss

Answer 28

meniere's

Question 29

continuous vertigo, no hearing loss

Answer 29

vestibular neuritis

Question 30

continuous vertigo + hearing loss

Answer 30

labyrinthitis

Question 31

horizontal nystagmus, fatigable

Answer 31

peripheral vertigo (usually beats away from affected side)

Question 32

vertical nystagmus, nonfatigable

Answer 32

central vertigo (brainstem or cerebellar)

Question 33

+ dix-hallpike test/nylan barany

Answer 33

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo -patient placed supine w/ head 30 deg lower than body, head quickly turned to 90 deg one side = delayed fatigable horizontal nystagmus

Question 34

black eschar on palate, face

Answer 34

mucormycosis (chronic sinusitis caused by fungus, esp in immunocomp patients)

Question 35

water's view on Xray

Answer 35

to view sinuses (but CT scan test of choice)

Question 36

samter's triad

Answer 36

asthma nasal polyps aspirin/nsaid sensitivity/allergy

Question 37

nasal polyps

Answer 37

allergic rhinitis MC - tx w/ intranasal corticosteroids | can be seen with cystic fibrosis

Question 38

kiesselbach's plexus

Answer 38

mc site for nose bleed in anterior portion (mc area)

Question 39

palatine artery

Answer 39

mc site for posterior nose bleed (may cause bleeding in both nares & posterior pharynx)

Question 40

hot potato voice

Answer 40

peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis

Question 41

uvula deviates to contralateral side

Answer 41

peritonsillar abscess

Question 42

white curd-like plaques +/- leave behind erythema/bleeds if scraped, painful

Answer 42

oral candidiasis

Question 43

painless, white patchy lesion that cannot be scraped off

Answer 43

oral leukoplakia

Question 44

lacy leukoplakia of oral mucosa (wickham striae)

Answer 44

oral lichen planus

Question 45

trismus

Answer 45

lock jaw | -complication of suppurative parotitis or peritonsillar abscess

Question 46

amblyopia

Answer 46

lazy eye - untreated strabismus (cross/wall eye) can lead to lazy - brain ignoring the visual input from the strabismic eye in an attempt to limit diplopia and poor depth perception

Question 47

anisocoria

Answer 47

pupil size difference

Question 48

pott puffy tumor

Answer 48

Osteomyelitis of the frontal bone | -complication of sinusitis, characterized by edema and swelling of the forehead

Question 49

traumatic retinoschisis along with intracranial or intraocular hemorrhages in a child under 5

Answer 49

Shaken baby syndrome (Nonaccidental inflicted neurotrauma)

Question 50

PAINFUL vision loss

Answer 50

``` acute angle closure glaucoma optic neuritis temporal arteritis corneal abrasion/ulcer anterior uveitis iritis endopthalmitis ```

Question 51

PAINLESS vision loss

Answer 51

``` retinal detachment CRAO CRVO vitreous hemorrhage amaurosis fugax macular degeneration CVA ```