MC Pathogen + Buzzwords - Infectious Disease Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
viral conjunctivitis
A
adenovirus (swimming pool mc source)
2
Q
bacterial conjunctivitis
A
staph or strep
3
Q
neonatal conjunctivitis
A
day 1 - silver nitrate (chemical cause)
day 2-5 - gonococcal (need admit + IV)
day 5-7 - chlamydia MC
day 7-11 - HSV
4
Q
otitis externa
A
pseudomonas
-alt: proteus, staph, s.epidermis, strep
5
Q
acute otitis media & acute sinusitis
A
4 MC:
S. PNEUMO, H. influenza, moraxella catarrhalis, strep
6
Q
chronic otitis media
A
2 MC: pseudomonas, staph
7
Q
chronic sinusitis
A
bacterial: STAPH MC, pseudomonas
fungal: ASPERGILLUS MC, murcormycosis (immunocomp)
other: Wegener’s (bact) = necrotic
8
Q
rhinitis (infectious)
A
rhinovirus
9
Q
pharyngitis/tonsillitis
A
VIRAL MC overall - adeno, rhino, entero, EPV, RSV, flu
bacterial - GABHS/s.pyogenes mc
10
Q
peritonsillar abscess
A
STREP, staph, polymicrobial
11
Q
laryngitis
A
VIRAL MC - adeno, rhino, flu, RSV
bacterial - m.catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumo
12
Q
periorbital cellulitis
A
staph (so cover for mrsa)
13
Q
suppurative parotitis or sialadenitis
A
staph
14
Q
dental caries
A
strep mutans
15
Q
acute osteomyelitis
A
STAPH AUREUS + strep (kids mc)
-salmonella pathognomonic for sickle cell
16
Q
chronic (subacute) osteomyelitis
A
STAPH AUREUS
-s. epidermis in prosthetic joint infx
17
Q
septic arthritis
A
STAPH AUREUS
- neisseria gonorrhoeae (sexual active adults - assoc w/ tenosynovitis)
- neonates - group B strep
- prosthesis - staph epidermis
18
Q
gastritis
A
- -> h.pylori MC
- -> NSAIDs/ASA 2nd mc
- -> acute stress
- -> others (meds, alcohol, dz)
19
Q
acute cholangitis
A
-mc gram neg enteric: E.COLI, klebsiella, enterobacter, b.fragilis
20
Q
MC overall cause of gastroenteritis in adults in N. America
A
NOROVIRUS
- outbreaks - cruise ships, hospitals, restaurants
- vomiting predominant sx in most noninvasive diarrhea
21
Q
MC cause of diarrhea in children (70%)
A
ROTAVIRUS
22
Q
diarrhea: incubation period 1-6 hrs
MC food contamination (dairy, mayonnaise, meats, eggs)
A
STAPH AUREUS
BACILLUS CEREUS
- sx- V/HA/D, cramps
- tx- supportive, fluids
23
Q
diarrhea: contaminated food and water; outbreaks during poor sanitation + overcrowding conditions (esp abroad)
- RICE WATER STOOLS
A
VIBRIO CHOLERAE (or vibrio parahemolyticus)
- gray, no fecal odor or pus
- may rapidly produce dehydration (up to 15L/day)
- tx- fluid replacement +/- TETRACYCLINES, FQ
24
Q
diarrhea: assoc w/ raw shellfish, esp Gulf of Mexico
- RICE WATER STOOLS
A
VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS & V. VULNIFICUS
-tx- fluid replacement +/- TETRACYCLINES, FQ
25
MC cause TRAVELER'S DIARRHEA --> unsanitary drinking water/ice, unpeeled fruits
ENTEROTOXIGENIC E.COLI
26
diarrhea: org overgrowth 2ry to alteration of normal flora (mc after abx --> CLINDAMYCIN or chemo)
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
27
MC cause of BACTERIAL ENTERITIS in US
MC ANTECEDENT EVENT IN POST-INFX GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME
stool culture: gram neg, "S, COMMA, OR SEAGULL SHAPED" organisms
CAMPYLOBACTER ENTERITIS
28
diarrhea: fecal/oral
lower abd pain, EXPLOSIVE, WATERY DIARRHEA --> MUCOID, BLOODY
+/- FEBRILE SEIZURES IN CHILDREN
SHIGELLA (gram neg)
29
diarrhea: mucus + bloody OR PEA SOUP STOOLS
| - mc source: poultry products, exotic pets (turtles)
SALMONELLA
30
diarrhea: ingestion of UNDERCOOKED GROUND BEEF, UNPASTEURIZED MILK/APPLE CIDER, DAY CENTERS, CONTAMINATED WATER
- PRODUCES CYTOTOXIN
ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC E.COLI 0157:H7
31
diarrhea: contaminated pork, milk, water + tofu
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
32
diarrhea: contaminated water from remote streams/wells
"beaver's fever" or "backpacker's diarrhea"
-frothy, greasy, foul
GIARDIA LAMBLIA
33
mc cause of chronic diarrhea in patients w/ AIDS
cryptosporidium
| -fecal-oral transmission
34
malabsorption - mc farmers around soil
tropheryma whippelii
35
TRANSMISSION: PIGEON/BIRD DROPPINGS
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
36
ASSOC W/ SOIL CONTAINING BIRD/BAT DROPPINGS IN MISSISSIPPI & OHIO RIVER VALLEYS
histoplasmosis
37
CXR: "FUNGAL BALL"
ASPERGILLOMA
38
BX: DUSKY, NECRTOIC TISSUE (NOSE)
ASPERGILLUS
39
SINUSITIS that spreads to the orbits, palate + brain
| -BLACK ESCHARS of nasal mucosa, palate + cyanosis
mucormycosis
40
BX: SEPTATE HYPHAE W/ REGULAR BRANCHING AT WIDE ANGLES
ASPERGILLUS
41
BX: NON-SEPTATE BROAD HYPHAE W/ IRREGULAR RIGHT-ANGLE BRANCHING
MUCORMYCOSIS
42
grows in SOIL IN ARID/DESERT REGIONS OF SOUTHWESTERN US, MEXICO, SOUTH + CENTRAL AMERICA
coccidioidomycosis "valley fever"
43
occurs MC IMMUNOCOMPETENT MEN
-OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES (AROUND SOIL OR DECAYING WOOD) IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO WATERWAYS (great lakes, Ohio, Mississippi river valley)
blastomycosis
44
PAINFUL GENITAL ULCERS --> BOBO FORMATION
chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
45
+ KERNIG'S SIGN + BRUDZINSKI'S SIGN
neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis)
46
mc cause epiglottitis
haemophilus influenzae
47
rabbits as reservoir, bites, or ingestion of infx meat
tularemia (francisella tularensis)
48
diseases w/ eschars
```
TULAREMIA
ANTHRAX
LEISHMANIASIS
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
MUCORMYCOSIS
```
49
- GOAT, SHEEP, CATTLE HOGS MC ANIMAL VECTOR
| - INGESTION OF INFECTED UPASTEURIZED MILK + CHEESE
brucellosis
50
SAFETY PIN APPEARANCE OF ORGANISMS
PLAGUE (YERSINIA PESTIS)
51
FOURNIER'S GANGRENE
nec fascititis of PENIS/SCROTUM
| -MC GABHS
52
OCCUPATIONAL DZ FOLLOWS SKIN ABRASION, PUNCTURE WOUND FROM RAW FISH, SHELLFISH, RAW MEAT/POULTRY
ERYSIPELOID
53
MC FOUND IN CONTAMINATED FOOD: COLD DELI MEATS, UNPASTEURIZED DAIRY
LISTERIA
54
- ADULT: CANNED/SMOKED/VACUUM-PACKED FOODS
| - INFANT: INGESTION OF HONEY OR DUST SPORES
BOTULISM
55
DILATED, FIXED PUPILS, DRY MOUNT, DYSPHAGIA, DYSARTHRIA, DYSPHONIA
- DESCENDING, DECREASED MUSCLE STRENGTH --> flaccid paralysis
- "FLOPPY BABY SYNDROME" newborn
BOTULISM
56
CHANCRE - PAINLESS ULCER AT INOCULATION SITE
SYPHILIS
57
CHONDYLOMA LATA
SYPHILIS
| -wart-like, moist lesions involving mucous memb, esp near chancre site - contagious!
58
HUTCHINSON TEETH (notches), SADDLE-NOSE DEFORMITY
CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
59
ARGYLL-ROBERTSON PUPIL
+/- TERTIARY SYPHILIS
| small, irregular pupil that constricts normal to near accommodation but doesn't constrict/react to light
60
BLANCHING, ERYTHEMATOUS MACULAR RASH FIRST ON WRISTS/ANKLES --> PALMS/SOLES, SPREADS CENTRAL OVER 2-3 DAYS
ROCKY MT SPOTTED FEVER (rickettsia ricketsii)
61
CORNEAL STROMAL RING INFILTRATE
ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
62
FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
PLASMODIUM
PARASITES IN RBC
MALARIA
63
ixodes TICK
transmits:
BABESIOSIS
EHRLICHIOSIS
LYMES
64
Smear: parasites w/in RBC, esp PATHOGNOMONIC TETRADS (MALTESE CROSS)
BABESIOSIS (babesia microti)
| -tick bite, northeast US
65
enterobiasis
pinworm
66
Head CT/MRI +/- show RING-ENHANCING LESIONS
TOXOPLASMOSIS
| CNS LYMPHOMA
67
- ROMANA'S SIGN: UNILAT PERIORBITAL SWELLING
- CHAGOMA: INFLAM NODULE @ BITE SITE
- CHF
CHAGAS DISEASE (trypanosoma cruzi, protozoa)
68
vector: assassin bug
| latin america and up to texas
chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi, protozoa)
69
PERIORBITAL EDEMA, MYOSITIS, EOSINOPHILA
TRICHINOSIS
| parasitic roundworm from undercooked meat, pork
70
MORULAE IN WBC
| -MULBERRY-SHAPED AGGREGATES IN CELLS
EHRLICHIOSIS
71
RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME
VZV - Facial Nerve (CN 7) - otalgia, lesions on ear/TM, facial palsy, ear sx
72
HUTCHINSON'S SIGN
(different from Hutch Teeth)
| VZV - lesion on nose usually heralding ocular involvement (CN 5, trigeminal)
73
rash in different stages simultaneously; doesn't usually involve palms/soles
varicella / chicken pox
74
lesions appear in same stage simultaneously, involves palms/soles
variola / small pox
75
prodrome: Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
-maculopapular brick-red rash beginning at
hair line/face --> extremities; lasts 7 days
-koplik spots on buccal mucosa
rubeola / measles
76
maculopapular pink-light red spotted rash on face --> extremities; lasts 3 days
-photosensitivity and arthralgias
rubella / german measles
77
3 days high fever (child appears well) --> fever resolves and pink/maculopapular rash (STARTS ON TRUNK, GOES TO FACE)
roseola / sixth's disease
78
"slapped cheek appearacne" w/ circumoral pallor --> lacy rash on body
erythema infectiosum / 5ths disease
- arthropathy in older adults
- aplastic crisis in sickle cell
- inc fetal loss in pregnancy
79
vesicular lesions on red base w/ erythematous halo in oral cavity --> vesicles on hands/feet (includes palms/soles)
coxsackie a virus / hand, foot mouth
80
flu-like --> maculopapular rash trunk + axilla --> extremities but spares face, palms, soles
-flushed face, hearing loss, conjunctivitis
endemic typhus
81
local s. aureus infx --> fluid-filled blisters w/ positive NIKOLSKY SIGN (sloughing w/ gentle pressure)
-painful, diffuse red rash, starts centrally
scalded skin syndrome
82
- prodrome: fever, conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy
| - STRAWBERRY TONGUE, EDEMA/DESQUAMATION OF PALMS/SOLES
kawasaki
| -rare complication is myocardial infarction and coronary artery involvement
83
- STRAWBERRY TONGUE, SANDPAPER RASH, facial flush w/ circumoral pallor
- FORCHHEIMER SPOTS: small red spots on soft palate
scarlet fever
84
chancroid
- caused by HAEMOPHYLIS DUCREYI
| - tx AZITHRO
85
maculopapular rash after amox/amp*
INFECTIOUS MONO
86
rash from wrist/ankles --> trunk*
| outdoor hx
rocky mtn spotted fever (rickettsia)
| -tx w/ doxy, even kids
87
jarisch-herxceimer rx*
systemic inflam response caused by dying spirochetes when syphilis treated
88
acute HIV infx sx**
fever, fatigue, rash, HA, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, myalgia, arthralgia, N/V/D, night sweats
