Buzzwords - Renal & GU Flashcards by Mary Ruggeri

delay from radial to femoral pulse

coarctation of aorta

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small flattened villi in bx of small intestine

celiacs

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sentinel loop or colon cutoff sign

inflam in the area - pancreatitis or appendicitis (depends on area)

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podocyte damage on electron microscope

minimal change disease (nephrotic syndrome)

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periorbital edema (esp in children) usually worse in morning, +/- scrotal edema

minimal change disease (nephrotic syndrome)…could also be glomerulonephritis/nephritic (if blood in urine)

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HTN, hematuria (RBC casts), dependent edema (protienuria), azotemia

acute glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome)

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berger’s disease

IgA nephropathy (mc cause of acute glomerulonephritis)

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crescent formation (bowman’s capsule) on biopsy

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (rpgn) poor prognosis

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goodpasture’s disease

autoimmune AB attack basement membrane of alveoli and glomerulus (= type of acute glomerulonephritis)

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azotemia

increased BUN

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sx: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia

nephrotic syndrome

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fatty casts, oval fat bodies “maltese cross”

nephrotic syndrome (think of pt seen w/ natalie)

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cellular cast formation

intrinsic AKI

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bence-jones proteins

multiple myeloma

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muddy brown casts or epithelial cell casts

acute tubular necrosis

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WBC casts, pyruia

acute tubulointerstitial nephritis or pyelonephritis

-also fever, eosinophilia, maculopapular rash, arthralgias, inc serum IgE for AIN

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waxy casts (acellular w/ sharp edges)

narrow waxy casts: chronic ATN / glomerulonephritis

broad waxy casts: end-stage renal dz

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hyaline casts

nonspecific (may be normal)

-Tamm-Horsfall proteins secreted by tubular epith cells

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UA: hematuria & pyuria (no red cell casts)

UTI mc

-may be acute intertitial nephritis (AIN), glomerular dz, vasculitis

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UA: pyuria alone

UTI mc

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small kidneys on US

CKD

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rapid correction of hypoNa concern

central pontine myelinolysis

no faster than 0.5 mEq/L per hour

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polyuria (up to 20L/d), polydipsia, nocturia (clinically symptomatic w/ decreased oral free water intake)

diabetes insipidus

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aldosterone

causes Na retention

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``` peripheral and presacral edema pulmonary edema jugular venous distension hypertension (decreased hct, serum protein, and BUN:Cr) ```

HYPERvolemia

``` poor skin turgor dry mucus membranes flat neck veins hypotension (increased hct, serum protein & BUN:Cr ratio) ```

HYPOvolemia

chvostek sign

tap face and get spasm if hypocalcemia

trousseau sign

carpal spasm w/ BP cuff = hypocalcemia

perioral numbness

hypocalcemia

calcium elevated AND phosphate elevated

renal failure (other types hyperCa should be opposite)

hyponatremia

increased free water - due to impaired kidney ability to excrete free water (unable to make dilute urine) - risk of CNS dysfunction due to cerebral edema

"salt and pepper" appearance of skull and brown tumors in long bones

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (due primary hyperparathyroidism)

piriformis syndrome

compression of sciatic nerve

bone pain, kidney stones, abdominal pain, lethargy, psychosis

bones, stones, groans, psychotic moans --> HYPERcalcemia

anion gap metabolic acidosis causes

MUDPILES: methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, iron, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates

scrotal pain, erythema & swelling mc unilateral (no N/V)

epididymitis / orchitis | +/- fever

positive prehn's sign | normal (pos) cremasteric reflex

relief of pain w/ elevation of affected scrotum | epididymitis / orchitis

abrupt onset of scrotal, inguinal or lower abdominal pain (usually <6 hrs) +/- N/V

testicular torsion

negative prehn's sign | absent (neg) cremasteric reflex

no pain relief w/ elevation of scrotum | testicular torsion

"blue dot sign" at the upper pole

torsion of appendix of testis

painless testicular nodule, solid mass or enlargement (can't seperate from testicle) +/- hydrocele

testicular cancer

painless scrotal swelling + transillumination

hydrocele

mc surgically correctable cause of male infertility

varicocle (increased temp from increased venous blood flow inhibits spermatogenesis)

"bag of worms" superior to testicle

varicocle - dilation worsens when upright or valsalva

recurring UTI in sexually active women (not e.coli)

staph saprophyticus

perineal pain (w/ F/C, urinary sx)

acute prostatitis

exquisitely tender, normal or hot, boggy prostate

acute prostatitis

nontender, boggy prostate

chronic prostatitis

uniformly enlarged, rubbery, firm prostate

BPH

hematuria, flank/abdominal pain, palpable mass

renal cell carcinoma - malaise, WL - L-sided varicocele - HTN & hypercalcemia common (inc PTH)

painless, palpable, abdominal mass (doesn't cross midline) hematuria, HTN, anemia (MC in children 1-5 yo)

wilms tumor / nephroblastoma

incontinence from sneezing, coughing, laughing

stress incontinence

small volume voids, post-void residual >200

overflow incontinence

urgency, frequency, small volume voids, NOCTURIA

urge incontinence

yellow-green discharge, strawberry cervix, vaginal pH > 5 and motile trichomonads

trichomonas

off-white, thin, and homogeneous vaginal discharge with “fishy” odor

bacterial vaginosis - change in the vaginal flora brought about by the reduction in concentration of lactobacilli -Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma sp., and Mycoplasma sp

balanitis

inflammation of glans penis - balanoposthitis inflammation of foreskin (uncircumcised) - MC cause is candida

radio translucent stones (don't show up on xray)

uric acid stones (show up on US or CT scan)

painful genital ulcers and inguinal bubo (unilateral painful node)

Haemophilus ducreyi

painless chancre

syphilis

painless genital ulcers, highly vascular, beefy red appearance and bleeding on contact

Klebsiella granulomatis

Priapism after cervical spine injury (fracture where?)

C5 fracture

bell clapper deformity

testicular torsion, the testis on the affected side sits higher with the long axis of the testis orienting horizontally instead of vertically due to shortening of the spermatic cord

elongated face, prominent jaw, large ears, macro-orchidism, and a range of behavioral anomalies and cognitive deficits

fragile x syndrome

additional X chromosome in males (47, XXY) | small testes with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and gynecomastia, infertile.

Klinefelter syndrome

elevated CA19-9

pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer, and gastric cancer.

elevated CA-125

maybe ovarian cancer

elevated carcinoembryonic antigen

colorectal cancer and breast cancer

painful, shallow, tender, genital lesions | + low fever, myalgias (2-7 day incubation)

genital herpes | -lesions last 2-4 weeks

asymmetric areas or induration or nodules of prostate

prostate cancer

Buzzwords - Renal & GU Flashcards

(70 cards)