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Buzzwords - MSK & Rheum Flashcards

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1
Q

squared-off shoulder

A

anterior shoulder dislocation (MC type)

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2
Q

hill-sachs lesion

A

groove on humeral head

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3
Q

bankart lesion

A

glenoid inferior rim fracture

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4
Q

shoulder - abducted, externally rotated

A

anterior dislocation - MC type

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5
Q

shoulder - adducted, internally rotated

A

posterior dislocation

-mc associated with seizures, electric shock

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6
Q

mc rotator cuff muscle tear

A

supraspinatus (empty can test)

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7
Q

mc cause of shoulder pain >40

A

rotator cuff tear (50% trauma or chronic overuse)

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8
Q

mc cause of shoulder pain <40

A

tendonitis - associated with subacromial bursitis

-pain w/ abduction >90 suggest tendinopathy

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9
Q

hawkins test
drop arm test
neer test

A

impingement tests of subscapular nerve / supraspinatus

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10
Q

mc fractured bone in children, adolescents and newborns during birth

A

clavicle

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11
Q

adson sign

A

loss of radial pulse w/ head rotated to affected side

–> thoracic outlet syndrome

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12
Q

positive anterior/posterior fat pad on elbow xray

A
  • supracondylar frx in children

- radial head frx in adults

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13
Q

positive fat pad (esp posterior) means

A

hemarthrosis

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14
Q

nerve (maybe) affected by olecranon frx

A

ulnar

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15
Q

abrupt “goose egg” swelling on elbow

A

olecranon bursitis

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16
Q

nightstick fracture

A

ulnar shaft

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17
Q

monteggia fracture

A

proximal ulnar shaft fracture w/ anterior radial head dislocation
-may cause radial nerve injury –> wrist drop

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18
Q

galeazzi fracture

A

mid-distal radial shaft fracture w/ dislocation of distal radial-ulnar junction

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19
Q

hutchinson fracture aka chauffer’s fracture

A

radial styloid fracture

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20
Q

tennis elbow vs. golfer’s elbow

A

lateral (tennis) epicondylitis

medial (golfers) epicondylitis

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21
Q

“piece of pie” sign or “spilled teacup” sign on xray

A

lunate dislocation –> emergent consult

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22
Q

“dinner fork deformity” on xray

A

colles fracture

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23
Q

kienbock’s disease

A

avascular necrosis of lunate bone

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24
Q

perineal ecchymosis

A

maybe pelvic fracture

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25
legg-calve-perthes disease
idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head in children (ischemia of capital femoral epiphysis) -cresent sign w/ xray on advanced
26
greenstick fractures
-incomplete w/ cortical disruption and periosteal tearing on convex side (intact on concave side) BOWING
27
torus (buckle) fracture
incomplete frx with "wrinkling or bump" of metaphyseal-diaphyseal jx due to axial loading
28
unhappy (O'Donoghue's) triad
injury to ACL, MCL and medial meniscus
29
lachman's test
ACL injury (also anterior drawer)
30
segond fracture
avulsion of lateral tibial condyle w/ varus stress to the knee --> pathognomic for ACL tear
31
patella baja
quad tendon rupture | palpable defect below knee
32
patella alta
patellar tendon rupture | palpable defect above knee
33
apprehension sign
patellar dislocation or patellofemoral syndrome (chondromalacia) pt anxious/forcefully contracts quad when examiner pushes laterally (after reduced)
34
sign of peroneal nerve injury
foot drop
35
ober test
pain or resistance to leg adduction | -IT band syndrome
36
thompson test
achilles tendon rupture | -weak, absent plantar flexion when gastrocneumius is squeezed
37
weber ankle fracture classification
level of fibular fracture (lateral malleolus) -relative to the syndesmosis (tibia + talas) Weber A - below syndesmosis Weber B - level of syndesmosis Weber C - above syndesmosis
38
fleck sign xray
lisfranc injury foot | -frx at base of 2nd metatarsal --> disrupts articulation of medial cuneiform (foot bone) and base of 2nd metatarsal
39
sciatica sx
back pain radiates to thigh/butt --> lower leg (below knee), down L5-S1 dermatome -increases w/ valsalva
40
L4 herniated disc (sensory, weakness, reflex)
sensory: anterior thigh pain, sensory loss to medial ankle weakness: ankle dorsiflexion reflex: loss of knee jerk (weak knee extension / quads)
41
L5 herniated disc (sensory, weakness, reflex)
sensory: lateral thigh/leg, hip, groin paresthesias and pain; dorsum of foot esp btw 1st/2nd toes weakness: big toe extension (dorsiflexion), walking on heels more difficult than toes reflex: usually normal
42
S1 herniated disc (sensory, weakness, reflex)
sensory: posterior leg/calf, gluteus weakness: plantar flexion, walking on toes harder than heels reflex: loss of ankle jerk
43
no "anal wink"
cauda equina syndrome | -dec anal sphincter tone on rectal exam
44
scoliosis + cafe au lait spots, skin tags, axillary freckles
neurofibromatosis type 1
45
codman's triangle
OSTEO SARCOMA or EWING SARCOMA | -ossification of raised periosteum
46
xray: "hair on end" or "sun ray / burst" appearance
osteosarcoma
47
xray: "onion skin"
ewing sarcoma | -layered periosteal rx appearance
48
xray: punctate or ring & arc appearance of calcification
chondrosarcoma
49
abnomal labs paget disease
increased alk phos
50
xray: "blade of grass/flame shaped" lucency; skull: cotton-wool appearance
paget disease
51
annular, red patches on face, scalp, heals w/ scarring
discoid lupus
52
triad: joint pain, fever, malar "butterfly rash"
SLE
53
heliotrope (blue/purple) upper eyelid discolor gottron's papules (raised, violaceous scaly eruptions on knuckles) photosensitive poikiloderma "shawl or V sign" diffuse alopecia
dermatomyositis
54
+ANTI-JO 1 AB
myositis-specific antibody - assoc w/ "mechanic hands", GOTTRON'S PAPULES - raised violaceous scaly knuckle eruptions (DERMATOMYOSITIS)
55
+ANTI-SRP AB
signal recognition particle ab - almost exclusively seen with POLYMYOSITIS
56
+ANTI-MI-2-AB
DERMATOMYOSITIS
57
+ANA, esp antiSS-A (Ro) & antiSS-B (La)
sjogren's
58
+ Schirmer test
decreased tear production -. sjogren's
59
+ ANTI DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA & ANTI-SMITH AB
100% specific for SLE, not sensitive
60
purine rich foods
alcohol, liver, seafood, yeasts
61
arthritis in children <16yo - less than 5 joints involved in 1st 6 mo - Type 1 may be assoc w/ IRIDOCYCLITIS (ANT UVEITIS) - Type 2 assoc w/ increased incidence of akylosing spond
juvenile idiopathic --> PAUCI-ARTICULAR oligoarticular)
62
arthritis in children <16yo - daily arthritis, DIURNAL HIGH FEVER w/in 1st 6 mo - SALMON-COLORED / PINK MIGRATORY RASH +/- koebner phenom - assoc w/ hepatosplenomegaly, hepatitis, lymphadenopathy & serositis
juvenile idiopathic --> SYSTEMIC/ACUTE FEBRILE (STILL'S DZ)
63
arthritis in children <16yo - ARTHRITIS > 5 SMALL JT in 1st 6 mo (usually symmetric); most similar to adult RA - inc risk of IRIDOCYCLITIS - RF neg assoc w/ better prognosis than RF pos
juvenile idiopathic --> POLYARTICULAR
64
HEBERDEN'S NODE
osteophytes @ DIP joints --> OA
65
bouchard's node
osteophytes @ PIP joints --> OA
66
morning joint stiffness, better after some activity
RA
67
evening joint stiffness, better after rest
OA
68
triad: RA, splenomegaly & decreased WBC/repeated infx
Felty's Syndrome (rare)
69
RA + pneumoconiosis
CAPLAN syndrome
70
boutonniere deformity, swan neck deformity, ulnar deviation at MCP
RA
71
boutonniere deformity
flex @ PIP | hyperextend @ DIP
72
swan neck deformity
flex @ DIP | hyperextend @ PIP
73
HA, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, fever, vision changes
giant cell / temporal arteritis
74
RECURRENT, PAINFUL ORAL AND GENITAL ULCERS
Behcet's Syndrome
75
reactive thrombocytosis
increased platelets
76
ASTHMA, HYPEREOSINOPHLIA, CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS
Churg-Strauss (eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis)
77
upper resp tract/nose sx (& saddle nose deform) lower resp tract/lung sx glomerulonephritis
Wegener's (granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis
78
glomerulonephritis (rapidly progressing) + pulmonary hemorrhage (hemoptysis)
goodpasture's disease
79
xray: "pencil in cup" deformity
psoriatic arthritis
80
xray: BAMBOO SPINE = SQUARING/BRIDGING OF VERTEBRAL BODIES
ankylosing spondylitis
81
+HLA-B27 gene
SERONEGATIVE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES psoriatic arthritis ankylosing spondylitis reactive arthritis/reiter's syndrome
82
-TRIAD: CONJUNCTIVITIS, URETHRITIS, ARTHRITIS (esp lower extremities) +KERATODERMA BLENNORRHAGICUM - hyperkeratotic lesions on palms/soles
reactive arthritis
83
arthocentesis fluid WBC >50K (also positive cultures)
septic arthritis -less than 50K in gout, pseudo gout, reactive arthritis (and negative cultures)
84
P-ANCA
MICROSCOPIC POLYANGITIS (MPA) CHURG STAUSS ULCERATIVE COLITIS PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS -perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic AB cause release of lytic enzymes from WBC, result in inflam of BV wall (vasculitis)
85
C-ANCA
WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS (GPA) -cytoplasmic antineutrophil AB
86
ESR (inc explained)
w/ inflam, high levels of fibrinogen causes RBC to stick together (rouleaux formation) causing them to settle faster
87
C-reactive protein (inc explained)
CRP released by liver in response to factors secreted by macrophages which help to activate complement (acute phase rx)
88
ANA (explained)
auto-AB against the nucleus | -present in low titers in gen pop, inc in autoimmune
89
TNF (explained)
group of cytokines that promote the inflammatory response, can cause cell death apoptosis (seen in tumor regression, septic shock and cachexia) -elevated in: RA, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, PSORIASIS, CROHNS
90
IgA (explained)
CRITICAL ROLE IN MUCOSAL IMMUNITY - secreted in tears, saliva, resp epithelium, GI tract, GU tract -seen in BERGER'S DZ (IgA nephropathy), HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PUPURA & CELIACS
91
+ ACETYCHOLINE RECEPTOR AB
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
92
+ B-2 GLYCOPROTEIN 1 AB
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (SLE)
93
+ CARDIOLIPIN AB
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (SLE)
94
+ CENTROMERE AB
CREST SYNDROME
95
+ CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE PROTEIN
RA SPECIFIC
96
+ ENDOMYSIAL AB
CELIACS
97
+ GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE AB
GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME
98
+ HISTONE AB
DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS
99
LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT AB
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (SLE)
100
+ MITOCHONDRIAL AB
PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
101
+ MUSK AB
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS - MAY BE POS IN AChR-NEG PT W/ MG
102
+ RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN (RNP) AB
MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DZ | SLE
103
+ SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AB
CROHN'S
104
+ SCL-70 (TOPOISOMERASE) AB
DIFFUSE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SCLERODERMA)
105
+ SIGNAL RECOGNITION PROTEIN (SRP) AB
POLYMYOSITIS
106
+ SMITH AB
SLE (specific, not sensitive)
107
+ SMOOTH MUSCLE AB
AUTOIMMUNE HEPAITTIS
108
+ THYROGLOBLIN AB
HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMM THYROIDITIS
109
+ THYROID PEROXIDASE (TPO) AB
HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMM THYROIDITIS
110
+ TRANSGLUTAMINASE AB
CELIACS | DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
111
+ TSH (THYROTROPIN) RECEPTOR AB
GRAVES DZ
112
+ VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNEL AB
LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME

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