Buzzwords - GI

Question 1

secretin test - leads to reduced gastrin levels except for in…

Answer 1

zollinger-ellison syndrome (assoc w/ no suppression of gastrin levels w/ secretin test)
-eval of hypergastrinemia

Question 2

stim gallbladder contraction and bile release

Answer 2

CCK (cholecystokinin)

Question 3

stim pancreatic release of digestive enzymes

Answer 3

CCK (cholecystokinin)

Question 4

digestive enzyme breaks down fats into fatty acids

Answer 4

lipase

Question 5

digestive enzyme breaks down starches into simple sugars

Answer 5

amylase

Question 6

digestive enzymes (precursors) that break down proteins

Answer 6

proteases (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen)

Question 7

bicarbonate secretion from pancreas stimulated by?

Answer 7

secretin from duodenum

-bicarb activates protease, amylase, lipase

Question 8

esophagram shows “corkscrew” esophagus

Answer 8

diffuse esophageal spasm

Question 9

esophagram shows “bird’s beak appearance of LES”

Answer 9

achalasia (narrowing)

Question 10

UPPER ENDOSCOPY –> SUPERFICIAL LONGITUDINAL MUCOSAL EROSIONS

Answer 10

MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME

-mc after persistent vomiting post-ETOH binge

Question 11

dysphagia, esophageal webs, iron-deficiency anemia

atrophic glossitis

Answer 11

plummer-vinson syndrome

Question 12

schatzki ring

Answer 12

lower esophageal webs @ squamocolumnar jx

-MC assoc w/ sliding hiatal hernias

Question 13

multiple peptic ulcers, refractory “kissing” ulcers

Answer 13

zollinger-ellison syndrome

-gastric carcinoma

Question 14

virchow’s node

Answer 14

superclaviular LN

–gastric carcinoma

Question 15

sister mary joseph’s node

Answer 15

umbilical LN

-gastric carcinoma

Question 16

krukenburg tumor

Answer 16

ovarian mets

-gastric carcinoma

Question 17

blumer’s shelf

Answer 17

palpable nodule on rectal exam

-gastric carcinoma

Question 18

irish sign

Answer 18

left axillary LN involvement

-gastric carcinoma

Question 19

albumin lab and liver fx

Answer 19

albumin levels decrease w/ liver failure (can’t synthesize protein)

Question 20

charcot’s triad

Answer 20

acute cholangitis

-fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

Question 21

reynold’s pentad

Answer 21

acute cholangitis

-charcot’s triad (F, RUQ pain, jaundice) + shock + AMS

Question 22

+ boas sign

Answer 22

acute cholecystitis

-referred pain to right shoulder subscapular area (phrenic nerve irritation)

Question 23

+ kehr’s sign

Answer 23

splenic rupture

-referred pain to left subscapular area due to phrenic nerve irritation

Question 24

Hep B vaccine c/i if allergic to

Answer 24

baker’s yeast

Question 25

+ANTI-MITOCHONDRIAL AB HALLMARK

Answer 25

primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 26

CULLEN'S SIGN

Answer 26

periumbilical ecchymosis | -acute pancreatitis

Question 27

Gray Turner sign

Answer 27

flank ecchymosis | -acute pancreatitis

Question 28

sentinel loop on xray

Answer 28

localized ileus - dilated small bowel in LUQ | -acute pancreatitis

Question 29

colon cut-off sign on xray

Answer 29

abrupt collapse of colon near pancreas | -pancreatitis

Question 30

COURVOISIER'S SIGN

Answer 30

palpable, nontender, distended GB assoc w/ jaundice | -ASSOC W/ PANCREATIC CANCER

Question 31

embolus vs thrombus

Answer 31

embolus - from a-fib, MI | thrombus - plaque/atherosclerosis

Question 32

barium enema - APPLE CORE LESIONS

Answer 32

colon cancer

Question 33

colonoscopy: "SKIP LESIONS" AND "COBBLESTONE APPEARANCE"

Answer 33

crohn's disease

Question 34

barium enema: "STRING SIGN" narrowed/scarred area

Answer 34

crohn's disease

Question 35

barium enema: "STOVE PIPE SIGN" narrowed/scarred area

Answer 35

ulcerative colitis

Question 36

BITOT'S SPOTS

Answer 36

vitamin A deficiency white spots on conjunctiva due to squamous metaplasia of corneal epithelium

Question 37

PEA SOUP STOOLS

Answer 37

SAMOLNELLA. TYPHI | TYPHOID ENTERIC FEVER

Question 38

Swallowed foreign bodies most commonly obstruct at WHAT level?

Answer 38

C6, the cricopharyngeus muscle aortic arch at the level of T4 is the second mc gastroesophageal junction at T11 is third mc tracheal bifurcation at T6 is the fourth mc

Question 39

HEINZ BODIES

Answer 39

G6PD deficiency | -denatured globin chains inside of a red cell membrane