C. Pseudotuberculosis.

Question 1

What disease is caused by C.Pseudotuberculosis in sheep and goats?

Answer 1

Caseous lymphadenitis.

Question 2

What disease is caused by C.Pseudotuberculosis in cattle and horses?

Answer 2

Ulcerative lymphangitis.

Question 3

What are the symptoms of ulcerative lymphangitis?

Answer 3

Internal and external abscesses.

These abscesses resemble those found in cases of TB.

Question 4

Can C.Pseudotuberculosis affect humans?

Answer 4

Yes.

Question 5

Are C.Pseudotuberculosis intracellular bacteria?

Answer 5

They are facultative intracellular bacteria meaning they can live outside a cell, but prefer to infect cells.

Question 6

Does the body find it easy to phagocytose C.Pseudotuberculosis bacteria?

Answer 6

No, as they have a lipid coat on their outer layer which protects them from phagocytosis.

Question 7

What is the exotoxin released by C.Pseudotuberculosis bacteria?

Answer 7

Phospholipase D.

Question 8

What animals are affected by the caseous lymphadenitis that is caused by C.Pseudotuberculosis bacteria?

Answer 8

Sheep and goats.

Question 9

Is caseous lymphadenitis an infectious disease?

Answer 9

Yes.

Question 10

What are the major symptoms of caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 10

Abscesses in the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs.

Question 11

How does caseous lymphadenitis affect the sheep or goat that it affects?

Answer 11

Animals will undergo weight loss and produce less wool/milk.

Question 12

What disease is often referred to as thin ewe syndrome?

Answer 12

Caseous lymphadenitis.

Question 13

What colour will the abscesses be in cases of caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 13

They are pale green in the early stages.

They then harden and become darker in the later stages.

Question 14

Where are the abscesses caused by caseous lymphadenitis found on the sheep or goat?

Answer 14

They can be internal or external.

Question 15

How do we remove the abscesses caused by caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 15

Surgically.

Question 16

What areas of the body are affected by the external lymph nodes associated with caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 16

The skin and peripheral lymph nodes.

Question 17

What 5 areas of the body are affected by the internal lymph nodes associated with caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 17

The lungs.

The liver.

The kidneys.

The spleen.

The internal lymph nodes.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of the puss that are produced in the abscesses caused by caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 18

The abscesses are pale green in the early stages.

The abscess becomes darker and harder/cheesy as it ages.

Question 19

Is weight loss common in cases of caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 19

Yes.

Question 20

What is the best way to diagnose caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 20

Smear or culture.

Question 21

Are antibiotics effective in cases of caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 21

No, as it is difficult for the penicillin etc to get through the abcess.

Question 22

What is the best way to treat animals with cases of caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 22

Via surgery.

Question 23

C.tuberculosis causes ulcerative lymphangitis in what animals?

Answer 23

Cattle and horses.

Question 24

What are the common symptoms of ulcerative lymphangitis in cattle and horses?

Answer 24

External and internal abscesses.

Question 25

When is it very difficult to diagnose ulcerative lymphangitis in cattle and horses?

Answer 25

If only internal abscesses are present.

Question 26

In ulcerative lymphangitis where are the external abscesses usually found?

Answer 26

On the hind legs or in the pectoral regions.

Question 27

What is ulcerative lymphangitis is characterised by?

Answer 27

Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and abscesses on the legs.

Question 28

What is characteristic about the abscesses in ulcerative lymphangitis?

Answer 28

They release thick, green puss.

Question 29

Where are the external abscesses associated with ulcerative lymphangitis found on the body?

Answer 29

In the pectoral region or on the hindlimb.

Question 30

What is characteristic about the external abscesses caused by ulcerative lymphangitis?

Answer 30

They have a thick capsule and are filled with yellowy, green puss.

Question 31

What are the internal abscesses caused by ulcerative lymphangitis characterised by?

Answer 31

Weight loss, fever, depression or colic.

Question 32

What is the most likely organ to be affected the internal abscesses caused by ulcerative lymphangitis?

Answer 32

The liver.

Question 33

What would we look for when we culture C.Pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 33

We stain it to look for the club shaped/Chinese letter shaped rods.

Question 34

What is characteristic about C.Pseudotuberculosis when it grows on blood agar?

Answer 34

It forms very small colonies on blood agar.

Question 35

Can we use PCR and ELISA to test for C.Pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 35

Yes.

Question 36

How can we treat C.Pseudotuberculosis infections?

Answer 36

We can use antibiotics to treat the abscesses, but they must be strong enough to penetrate the abscess.

Question 37

Why are antibiotics not effective at treating the abscesses caused by C.Pseudotuberculosis infections?

Answer 37

As the abscesses have a thick capsule.

Question 38

What is the best way to treat the abscesses caused by C.Pseudotuberculosis infections?

Answer 38

It is best to surgically drain the external abscesses.

Question 39

Can we vaccinate against C.Pseudotuberculosis bacteria?

Answer 39

Yes, but the use of these vaccines varies from country to country.