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Science 3x > C4 (chemistry) > Flashcards

C4 (chemistry) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an alloy? Give two examples

A

mixture of two or more different element e.g steel and bronze

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2
Q

State the structures on a metal

A

Regular layers
Lattice structure
Soft and malleable

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3
Q

State the structure of an alloy

A

Particles are different sizes
Irregular structure
Hard

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4
Q

What do all acids contain?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

What does acidic solutions produce?

A

H+ ions

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6
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

Dissolve in water

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7
Q

What do alkaline solutions release?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH)

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8
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Chemical that change colours to tell you whether a colourless solution is acidic or basic

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9
Q

What is a PH Probe?

A

Devices used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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10
Q

What doe pH stand for?

A

Potential hydrogen

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11
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution

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12
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Completely ionised in aqueous solutions to form H+ ions

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13
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Partially ionised in aqueous solutions to form H+ ions

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14
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A chemical reaction between an acid and alkaline to form a neutral solution (pH7)

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15
Q

What is titration?

A

A very accurate experimental technique, used to find unknown concentration of a solution

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16
Q

Define concordant?

A

Results are very close to each other (within o.1 cm3 of each other)

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17
Q

What colour flame does potassium make when it is reacted with oxygen?

A

Lilac

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18
Q

What colour flame does sodium make when it is reacted with oxygen?

A

Orange

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19
Q

What colour flame does lithium make when it is reacted with oxygen?

A

Red

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20
Q

What is oxidation?

A

A substance that gains oxygen

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21
Q

What is reduction?

A

A substance that looses oxygen

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22
Q

State three observations when a metal and an acid is reacted together?

A

Metal dissolves
Gas is produced so there is fizzing
Temperature change

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23
Q

How could you test for hydrogen?

A

Lit splint to make a squeaky pop sound

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24
Q

State three observations when metal and water is reacted together?

A

Metal will dissolve
Temperature increase
Fizzing because gas (hydrogen) is made

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25
When does displacement take place?
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal in a compound
26
What is an ore?
A rock containing a metal compound from which a metal can be extracted for profit and found in the earth’s crust
27
How is ore extracted?
Ore is mined and then processed to separate the metal compound
28
What is redox?
When reduction and oxidation happens at the same time
29
What does the charges on elements symbolise?
It’s oxidation states
30
If a base is soluble, what do we refer it as?
an alkali
31
If a base cant dissolve, what do we refer it as?
insoluble base
32
What does metal and water react together make? *write the equation
metal + water ➡️ metal hydroxide + hydrogen
33
What does an acid and an alkaline make when it reacts together? *write the equation
Acid+alkaline➡️ salt+water
34
What does an acid and a metal carbonate make when reacted together? *write the equation
Acid + metal carbonate ➡️ salt + water + carbon dioxide
35
What are the products when metal and oxygen are reacted together? *write the equation
Metal + oxygen ➡️ metal oxide
36
What are the products made when metal and acid are reacted together? *write the equation
Metal + acid ➡️ salt + hydrogen
37
Name the reactivity series from most reactive to least reactive
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
38
What is the acronym for the reactivity serious from most reactive to least reactive?
Please Send Lions Cats Monkeys And Cute Zebras Into The Lovely Hot Countryside Signed General Penguin
39
What does OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electron
40
What are the reactants if the products are metal hydroxide and hydrogen
Metal and water
41
What are the reactants if the products are salt and water? *2 equations
Acid and alkaline Or Acid and base
42
What are the reactants if the products are salt and water and carbon dioxide
Acid and metal carbonate
43
What is reacted together if the product is metal oxide?
Metal and oxygen
44
What is reacted together to make salt and hydrogen?
Metal and acid
45
Sodium and water is reacted together , what are the products formed? *write the equation
Sodium + water ➡️ sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
46
What will the salt end in ,if hydrochloric acid is used?
Chloride
47
What will the salt end in , if nitric acid is used?
Nitrate
48
What will the salt end in , if sulphuric acid is used?
Sulphate
49
State the observations when potassium reacts with an acid
Explosive Vigorous bubbles
50
State the observations when sodium reacts with and acid
Explosive Vigorous bubbles
51
State the observations when lithium reacts with an acid
Explosive Vigorous bubbles
52
State the observations when calcium reacts with an acid
Fizzes Warm
53
State the observations when magnesium reacts with an acid
Fizzes Warm
54
State the observation when zinc reacts with an acid
Fizzes slowly
55
State the observation when iron reacts with an acid
Fizzes slowly
56
State the observation when copper reacts with an acid
No reaction
57
State the observations when potassium reacts with water
Fizzes potassium Melts/disolves Floats and moves on the surface of the water Lilac flame
58
State the observations when sodium reacts with water
Fizzes Melts Floats and moves around on the surface of the water (Sometimes there is a yellow, orange flame)
59
State the observations when lithium reacts with water
Fizzes Floats and moves on the surface of the water
60
State the observations when calcium reacts with water
Fizzes White solid forms (Exothermic reaction)
61
State the observation when magnesium reacts with water
Very slow reaction
62
State the observation when zinc reacts with water
No reaction
63
State the observation when iron reacts with water
No reaction
64
State the observation when copper reacts with water
No reaction
65
Give the pH range of an acid
pH 0-6
66
Give the pH range of a base
ph 8-14
67
Give the pH range of a neutral solution
pH 7
68
What is the difference between a concentrated and a dilute acid ?
A concentrated acid has a large amount of H+ ions in a volume of water whereas a dilute acid has a small amount of H+ ions in a given volume of water
69
When reacting copper oxide with sulphuric acid, copper oxide is added in excess. What is meant by ‘in excess’ ?
A greater amount is added than what is necessary to completely react with the acid
70
Describe the structure of diamond
Giant covalent lattice Tetrahedral structure/each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms
71
Give 6 properties of transition metals that are different from the properties of Alkali metals
Hard High density High melting and boiling points Low reactivity / un reactive Form different charged ions Form coloured compounds
72
Describe the trend in reactivity down group 7
Elements get less reactive as you go down group 7
73
What is a metal ore?
A compound of metal found naturally in rocks/ earth’s crust which enough metal can be extracted to make a profit
74
List the metals in the reactivity series that can be extracted from their compounds by heating with carbon
Zinc Iron Tin Lead Copper
75
What chemical process do metal oxides undergo when being extracted using carbon, to get the pure metal ?
Reduction
76
What process is used to extract metals that are above carbon in the reactivity series?
Electrolysis
77
Name three metals which are found in their natural form in the earth’s crust
Silver Gold Platinum
78
Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals of magnesium sulfate from a metal oxide and a dilute acid
Use magnesium oxide and sulphuric acid Measure and Add the sulphuric acid to a beaker Warm up the sulphuric acid Add the magnesium oxide Stir the mixture Continue adding until magnesium oxide is in excess Use the filtration technique with filter paper and funnel, to remove excess magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide is residue Sulphuric acid is the filtrate Pour the filtrate into an evaporating basin and heat up the solution to do crystallisation Leave the basin to cool down on the window Pat dry with filter paper
79
How do metals get a full outer shell?
Loose electrons
80
How do non-metals get a full outer shell?
Gain electrons
81
What does PANIC stand for?
Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode
82
What are positive ions called?
Cation
83
What are negative ions called?
Anion
84
Which electrode will the positive ion go?
Negative electrode (cathode)
85
Which electrode will the negative ion go?
Positive electrode (anode)
86
What does ‘ →’ mean in a reaction?
Fully ionised
87
What does ‘⇌’ mean in a reaction?
Partially ionised
88
List the metals in the reactivity series that can be extracted from their compounds by heating with carbon
Zinc Iron Tin Lead Copper
89
Which metals are extracted using electrolysis
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium
90
What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements
91
Which elements always wins?
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine Tin Lead Copper Silver Gold

Science 3x (12 decks)

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