P1 (physic)(book)

Question 1

What are the units for energy?

Answer 1

Joules

Question 2

How many energy stores are there?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

How many pathways are there?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Name the 4 pathways
give an example for each

Answer 4

Electrical (electricity)
Mechanical (forces)
Radiation (light and other waves)
Heating (temperature)

Question 5

What is the conservation of energy?

Answer 5

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one store to another

Question 6

Define work

Answer 6

The energy required for a force to move an object

Question 7

What is the equation for work?

Answer 7

Work=force x distance
Joules (J) = newton’s (N) x metres (m)

Question 8

Name the 8 energy stores

Answer 8

Kinetic
Gravitational potential
Thermal
Elastic potential
Nuclear
Magnetic
Chemical
Electrostatic

Question 9

Definition of kinetic energy

Answer 9

Energy of a moving object

Question 10

Definition of gravitational potential Energy

Answer 10

Energy of an object at height

Question 11

Definition of thermal Energy

Answer 11

Energy due to temperature

Question 12

Definition of elastic potential Energy

Answer 12

Energy stored when a object is stretched or squashed

Question 13

Definition of nuclear energy

Answer 13

Energy stored by the nucleus of an atom

Question 14

Definition of chemical Energy

Answer 14

The energy stored in fuels

Question 15

Definition of electrostatic energy

Answer 15

The energy stored when two charges interact with each other

Question 16

Define power

Answer 16

The rate at which energy is transferred
The energy transferred (J) each second (s)

Question 17

What is the equation to calculate power?

Answer 17

Power = energy ÷ time
(Watts) = (joules) ÷ (second)

Question 18

Write the symbol equation for energy

Answer 18

E=P x t

Question 19

What is the equation for total cost ?

Answer 19

Total cost = units of kWh used x cost per unit

Question 20

Write the equation for gravitational potential energy

Answer 20

Ep = m x g x h
Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height

Question 21

What is the gravitational field strength on earth ?

Answer 21

9.8 N/kg

Question 22

What is the gravitational field strength on the moon?

Answer 22

1.6 N/kg

Question 23

Write the equation for kinetic energy

Answer 23

Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x velocity squared
Ek = 1/2 m v squared
Ek = 0.5 x m x v squared

Question 24

If the mass doubles what happens to the kinetic energy ?

Answer 24

It also doubles

Question 25

If the v doubles what happens to the kinetic energy?

Answer 25

Kinetic energy quadruples

Question 26

What is Ek max equal to?

Answer 26

Ep max

Question 27

What is the Ep max equal to?

Answer 27

Ek max

Question 28

Define ‘efficiency’

Answer 28

The proportion of energy that is usually transferred in a process

Question 29

State the factors to increase efficiency

Answer 29

Aerodynamics → reduce friction Streamline for water →reduce friction Lubrication → reduce friction Insulation → reduce heat loss

Question 30

Write the equations for efficiency

Answer 30

Efficiency = useful output energy transfer ÷ total energy transfer Efficiency = useful output power ÷ total power e=u ÷T

Question 31

State 2 advantages from using solar

Answer 31

No CO2 Reliable

Question 32

State 2 disadvantages from using solar

Answer 32

Doesn’t work at night Take up a lot of space

Question 33

What is meant by ‘kilowatt hour’

Answer 33

The energy used by something with a power of 1kw (1000W) in a time of 1 hour

Question 34

The kinetic energy stored by an object depends on what 2 things?

Answer 34

The mass of the object (m) The speed the object is moving at

Question 35

The gravitational potential energy stored by an object depends on what 3 things?

Answer 35

The mass of an object (m) The height the object is at (h) The gravitational field strength around the object (g)

Question 36

What is meant by ‘dissipation’?

Answer 36

Energy wasted during an energy transfer (almost always transferred to the thermal energy store of the surroundings)

Question 37

What is the maximum possible efficiency? (As a percentage and as a number)

Answer 37

100% or 1

Question 38

Should insulation have a high or low thermal conductivity?

Answer 38

Low The lower it is the less heat it will conduct

Question 39

What are the fossil fuels?

Answer 39

Coal (Crude) oil (natural) gas

Question 40

What non-renewable energy source is not a fossil fuel?

Answer 40

Nuclear

Question 41

What green house gases are released when fossil fuels are burnt?

Answer 41

Carbon dioxide Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxide (Methane is released during coal mining)

Question 42

What does ‘non-renewable’ mean?

Answer 42

It cannot be replenished / it will run out

Question 43

What does ‘renewable’ mean?

Answer 43

It can be replenished/ it will not runout

Question 44

Name 6 renewable energy sources

Answer 44

Solar Wind Geothermal Hydroelectric Tidal Biomass

Question 45

What are the units for velocity?

Answer 45

m/s

Question 46

Is coal renewable?

Answer 46

Non-renewable

Question 47

What is coal’s main use?

Answer 47

Electricity

Question 48

State 2 advantages of using coal?

Answer 48

Cheap Stores a lot of energy

Question 49

State 2 disadvantages of using coal?

Answer 49

Releases CO2 Mining releases methane contributes to global warming

Question 50

Is (crude oil) renewable?

Answer 50

Non- renewable

Question 51

What is (crude) oil’s main use?

Answer 51

Transport (petrol etc.)

Question 52

Give 2 advantages of using (crude) oil

Answer 52

Easy to store and transport Stores a lot of energy (small amount of oil needed)

Question 53

Give 3 disadvantages of using (crude) oil

Answer 53

Releases CO2 Oil spills can harm marine life Lots of air pollution when burnt

Question 54

Is (natural) gas renewable?

Answer 54

Non-renewable

Question 55

What is (natural) gas’s main use?

Answer 55

Electricity & heating

Question 56

Give an advantage of using (natural) gas

Answer 56

Releases less CO2 than coal or oil

Question 57

Give 2 disadvantages of using (natural) gas

Answer 57

Release CO2 Can be dangerous (gas explosion)

Question 58

Is nuclear renewable?

Answer 58

Non-renewable

Question 59

What is nuclear’s main use?

Answer 59

Electricity

Question 60

Give 2 advantages of using nuclear

Answer 60

No CO2 released Very efficient (tiny amount of fuel needed)

Question 61

Give 2 disadvantages of nuclear

Answer 61

Produces nuclear waste Very expensive (to run and to dispose of waste)

Question 62

Is solar power renewable?

Answer 62

Renewable

Question 63

What is solar power’s main use?

Answer 63

Electricity

Question 64

Name 3 advantages of using solar power

Answer 64

No CO2 released Not much Maintenance needed Can be placed in remote locations

Question 65

Name 3 disadvantages of using solar power

Answer 65

Only works during the day If light is low, they don’t generate much electricity Solar panels take up large space

Question 66

Is wind turbine renewable?

Answer 66

Renewable

Question 67

What is wind turbine’s main use?

Answer 67

Electricity

Question 68

Give 2 advantage of using wind turbine

Answer 68

No CO2 released Can be placed in remote locations

Question 69

Give 3 disadvantages of using wind turbine

Answer 69

Unreliable- its not always windy Noise and visual pollution Can kill birds

Question 70

Is hydroelectric (a dam) renewable?

Answer 70

Renewable

Question 71

What is hydroelectric (a dam) ‘s main use ?

Answer 71

Electricity

Question 72

Give 3 advantages from using hydroelectric (a dam)

Answer 72

No CO2 released Can generate electricity 24 h a day very quick start time

Question 73

Give 3 disadvantage of using hydroelectric (a dam)

Answer 73

Expensive Visual pollution Can cause flooding

Question 74

Is tidal renewable?

Answer 74

Renewable

Question 75

What is tidal’s main use?

Answer 75

Electricity

Question 76

Give 3 advantages of using tidal

Answer 76

No CO2 released Can generate electric 24h a day Very quick start time

Question 77

Give 2 disadvantages of using tidal

Answer 77

Expensive Can damage sea-life

Question 78

Is geothermal (volcanic heat) renewable?

Answer 78

Renewable

Question 79

What is geothermal (volcanic heat) ‘s main uses?

Answer 79

Electricity Heating

Question 80

Give 2 advantages of geothermal (volcanic heat)

Answer 80

No CO2 released No fuel costs

Question 81

Give 2 disadvantage of geothermal (volcanic heat)

Answer 81

Only available in limited areas where there is sufficient heat underground These ares can be dangerous (near volcanoes)

Question 82

Is biomass (burning wood) renewable?

Answer 82

Renewable

Question 83

What is biomass (burning wood) ‘s main uses?

Answer 83

Electricity Heating

Question 84

Give 2 advantages of using biomass (burning wood)

Answer 84

Waste products can be turned into biofuel Renewable - plants can be grown quickly for biofuel

Question 85

Give 2 disadvantages of biomass (burning wood)

Answer 85

New forests have less biodiversity Creates air pollution when burned

Question 86

Which resources impacts global warming and what is the explanation?

Answer 86

Coal Oil Gas Combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide , greenhouse gas Mining coal also releases big quantities of methane, a more powerful greenhouse gas

Question 87

Which resources impact acid rain and what is the explanation to it ?

Answer 87

Coal Oil Gas Sulphur and nitrogen get are released when burning fossil fuels, producing sulphuric acid and nitric acid in clouds

Question 88

Which resource impacts the loss of habitats and what is the explanation to it?

Answer 88

Coal Mining coal causes the destruction of large natural areas

Question 89

Which resource impacts oil spills and what is the explanation?

Answer 89

Oil Failures in oil rigs can cause massive spills into the ocean, damaging marine life