P3 (physics)

Question 1

What are the properties of a solid?

Answer 1

Fixed shape
High density
Can’t be compressed

Question 2

What are the properties of a liquid?

Answer 2

Takes the shape of the bottom of a container
Can’t be compressed

Question 3

What are the properties of a gas?

Answer 3

floats
Can expand to fill any volume
Can be compressed

Question 4

What is the arrangement like for solid particles?

Answer 4

Regular
Closely packed (all touching)

Question 5

What is the arrangement like for liquid particle?

Answer 5

Random
Closely packed (all touching)

Question 6

What is the arrangement like for gas particles?

Answer 6

Random
Very spaced out

Question 7

What is the relative distance between solid particles?

Answer 7

Very close

Question 8

What is the relative distance between liquid particles?

Answer 8

Close

Question 9

What is the relative distance between gas particles?

Answer 9

Far apart

Question 10

What is the main movement of solid particles?

Answer 10

Vibrate in fixed positions

Question 11

What is the main movement of liquid particles?

Answer 11

Slide/move past each other

Question 12

What is the main movement of gas particles?

Answer 12

in all directions
At different speeds

Question 13

What are the forces between Solid particles?

Answer 13

Strong forces between the particles

Question 14

What are the forces between liquid particles?

Answer 14

Weak forces between the particles

Question 15

What are the forces between gas particles?

Answer 15

No forces

Question 16

What do we mean by ‘particles’?

Answer 16

An atom or molecule

Question 17

What is ‘density’?

Answer 17

The amount of mass per cm3 or per m3

Question 18

What formula relates density, mass and volume?

Answer 18

Density = mass /volume

Question 19

Define the term mass

Answer 19

The amount of matter in an object

Question 20

Define the term volume

Answer 20

The amount of space an object takes up (cm3)

Question 21

What is the symbol equation for density?

Answer 21

P= m/v

Question 22

How is the density calculated for an irregular object?

Answer 22

Displacement method

Measure the mass on a scale

Find the volume by using the displacement method

Fill the water to the spout on a euraka can

Insert the object while placing a measuring cylinder under the spout

Water displaced=volume of object

Question 23

Define the term internal energy

Answer 23

Internal energy is the total kinetic energy and the potential energy of all the particles that make up a system

Question 24

Define potential energy of particles

Answer 24

the stored energy in an object due to its position , properties , and forces acting on it

Question 25

What is the temperature a measurement of?

Answer 25

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Question 26

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 26

It is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree

Question 27

What is the equation for specific heat capacity?

Answer 27

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x Change in the temperature

Question 28

Write the Symbol equation for specific heat capacity

Answer 28

E= m x c x delta t

Question 29

What happens to the temperature when a particle changes state?

Answer 29

The temperature stays constant

Question 30

What is specific latent heat?

Answer 30

The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance in temperature

Question 31

What is Ef ?

Answer 31

Specific latent heat of fusion (melt)

Question 32

What is Ev ?

Answer 32

Specific latent heat of vaporisation (evaporation)

Question 33

Write the equation for specific latent heat

Answer 33

Energy = mass x specific latent heat

Question 34

Write the symbol equation for specific latent heat

Answer 34

E = m x l

Question 35

What is the pressure caused by?

Answer 35

Collisions between particles and the walls of a container

Question 36

How does pressure (particles) move?

Answer 36

They Move from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 37

How do you increase the frequency for gas pressure?

Answer 37

Increase the number of particles Increase the kinetic energy of the particles

Question 38

When will the pressure stop decreasing?

Answer 38

The pressure will stop decreasing when the pressure is the same as the pressure outside (to the rest of the surrounding)

Question 39

What will happen to the pressure as the volume decreases?

Answer 39

The pressure will increase

Question 40

What will happen to the volume as the pressure increases?

Answer 40

The volume will decrease

Question 41

What is the relationship between the volume and pressure on a graph?

Answer 41

They are inversely proportional

Question 42

What will happen to the amount of collisions as the volume that the gas is contained in decreases?

Answer 42

The number of times that the particle will collide with each other and the sides of the container will increase , when the volume of the gas decreases

Question 43

Define “physical change”

Answer 43

A reversible change is where the substance change physical state. If reversed, the substance retains its original properties

Question 44

Name the changing state: Solid to liquid

Answer 44

Melting

Question 45

Name the changing state: Liquid to gas

Answer 45

Boiling/evaporating

Question 46

Name the changing state: Gas to liquid

Answer 46

Condensing

Question 47

Name the changing state: Liquid to solid

Answer 47

Freezing

Question 48

Name the changing state: Solid to gas

Answer 48

Subliming/sublimation

Question 49

If 1 kg of ice melts, what mass of liquid water would there be?

Answer 49

1kg Mass doesn’t change when changing state

Question 50

Is changing state a physical or a chemical change? Why?

Answer 50

Physical change as the change can be easily reversed- no chemical bonds are made or broken

Question 51

Which state of matter usually has the highest density?

Answer 51

Solid

Question 52

Which state of matter usually has the lowest density?

Answer 52

Gas

Question 53

Using the particle model, explain why gases have the lowest density?

Answer 53

Particles have large spaces between them So same amount of particles takes up a larger volume

Question 54

What does “to do work on particles” mean?

Answer 54

To move them further apart against their intermolecular attractions

Question 55

Which state of matter has the highest potential energy?

Answer 55

Gas (particles have overcome attractive forces and are far apart from each other)

Question 56

Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy?

Answer 56

Gas Particles are moving faster

Question 57

Define “specific latent heat of vaporisation”

Answer 57

The amount of energy required to boil( (liquid to gas) one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 58

Define “ specific latent heat of fusion”

Answer 58

The amount of energy required to melt one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 59

Give the units for mass?

Answer 59

Kg (Kilogram)

Question 60

Give the unit for change in energy?

Answer 60

J (joules)

Question 61

Give the units for specific heat capacity?

Answer 61

J/kg °C

Question 62

Give the units for change in temperature?

Answer 62

°C

Question 63

What is the unit for energy?

Answer 63

J (joules)

Question 64

Give the units for specific latent heat?

Answer 64

J/kg

Question 65

Why does temperature not change during a state change?

Answer 65

The energy is used to overcome bonds/forces (to do work) Increase in potential energy Not kinetic energy (temperature)

Question 66

Why does a gas exert a pressure on a container?

Answer 66

The particles are moving randomly and different speeds They collide with the walls of the container Each collisions exert a force on the container Pressure is the force per cm2 or m2

Question 67

Describe the relationship between gas temperature and pressure at Constant volume

Answer 67

Increasing the temperature increase the pressure by the same factor (they are directly proportional to each other)

Question 68

Explain why increasing the pressure of a gas increase the temperature

Answer 68

Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of a particle So particles move faster Collide with the walls more frequently Collide with more force So pressure increases

Question 69

What is the coldest temperature?

Answer 69

Absolute zero (-273 Celsius)

Question 70

What does PxV =

Answer 70

P x V = Constant

Question 71

How do you calculate the density of a regular object?

Answer 71

Density = mass/volume Measure the mass on a balance Measure the length,base,width with a ruler to find the volume

Question 72

What does P1 x V1 =

Answer 72

P1xV1=P2xV2

Question 73

How do you find a volume of a cube or cuboid?

Answer 73

Volume = base x width x length