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Question 1

what is a solvent?

Answer 1

a liquid in which another substance (solute) can be dissolved in

Question 2

what is a solute?

Answer 2

a substance dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

Question 3

what is a solution?

Answer 3

a mixture of one substance dissolved in another

Question 4

what does filtration separate?

Answer 4

insoluble solid from liquid

Question 5

what does distillation separate?

Answer 5

liquids with different boiling points

Question 6

what are you left with after filtration?

Answer 6

filtrate and solid left in funnel

Question 7

what are you left with after distillation?

Answer 7

pure liquids

Question 8

what does chromatography separate?

Answer 8

separates dissolved substances that have different solubilities from solution

Question 9

what does evaporation separate?

Answer 9

soluble solid from liquid

Question 10

what is left after evaporation?

Answer 10

crystals

Question 11

what is a formulation?

Answer 11

a mixture that is made with specific quantities to carry out its function

Question 12

what is the mobile phase in chromatography?

Answer 12

when substance is dissolved in solvent and is moving up the paper

Question 13

explain the movement of more soluble substances during chromatography

Answer 13

• more soluble substances will move faster so move higher up the paper
• as it is a smaller molecule
• and has less attraction to the paper

Question 14

explain the movement of less soluble substances during chromatography

Answer 14

• less soluble substance will move slower so move less high up the paper
• as it is a larger molecule
• and had more attraction to the paper

Question 15

how do you work out retention factor?

Answer 15

distance travelled by substance/ distance travelled by solvent

Question 16

explain test and result for carbon dioxide

Answer 16

test: bubble through limewater

result: turns cloudy/ white precipitate forms

Question 17

explain test and result for hydrogen

Answer 17

test: lit splint

result: goes out with a squeaky pop sound

Question 18

explain test for oxygen and result

Answer 18

test: glowing split

result: relights

Question 19

explain test for chlorine and result

Answer 19

test: damp blue litmus paper

result: turns white

Question 20

what is the flame emission spectroscopy used for

Answer 20

to identify elements. commonly used with ions in solution

Question 21

what’s the flame colour of a potassium ion?

Answer 21

lilac

Question 22

what’s the flame colour of a lithium ion?

Answer 22

crimson

Question 23

what’s the flame colour of a calcium ion?

Answer 23

orange - red

Question 24

what’s the flame colour of a copper ion?

Answer 24

green

Question 25

what’s the flame colour of a sodium ion?

Answer 25

yellow

Question 26

test and result for sulphate ion

Answer 26

add HCl and BaCl2 white precipitate forms (barium sulphate)

Question 27

test and result for carbonate ion

Answer 27

add HCl carbon dioxide gas produced

Question 28

test and result for chloride ion

Answer 28

add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) white precipitate forms (AgCl)

Question 29

test and result for bromide ions

Answer 29

add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) cream precipitate forms (AgBr)

Question 30

test and result for iodide ions

Answer 30

add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) yellow precipitate forms (AgI)