C9 CNS

Question 1

What are the major parts of the brain

Answer 1

Forebrain (cerebrum, diencephalon)
Midbrain
Hindbrain(Pons, Medulla Oblongata, cerebellum)

Question 2

Frontal lobe

Answer 2

Motor function
Motivation
Planing
Regulation of mood
Sense of smell

Question 3

Parietal lobe

Answer 3

Receives & evaluates sensory info
Not special senses

Question 4

Occipital lobe

Answer 4

Receives and integrates visual input

Question 5

Temporal lobe

Answer 5

Receives and evaluates input for smell & hearing
Role in memory

Question 6

Insula

Answer 6

Receives and evaluates taste info

Question 7

Main sulci

Answer 7

Central Sulcus

Question 8

Main gyri

Answer 8

Pre-central gyrus= primary somatic motor cortex
Post-central gyrus=Primary somatic sensory cortex

Question 9

What connects the two cerebral hemisphere

Answer 9

Corpus Callosum

Question 10

What advantages do convolutions give the cerebrum

Answer 10

Increase SA - increase number of neurons packed –> greater information processing, increase cognitive functions

Effective packaging - increase cortical surface to fit without increasing brain size significantly

Question 11

What does grey matter consist of

Answer 11

Cell body
Dendrites
Unmyelinated axons
Axon terminals
Neuroglia

Question 12

What does white matter consist of

Answer 12

Myelinated axons

Question 13

Grey matter in the CNS

Answer 13

Cortex of brain & nuclei

Question 14

White matter in the CNS

Answer 14

Nerve tracts

Question 15

Grey matter in the PNS

Answer 15

Ganglion

Question 16

White matter in the PNS

Answer 16

Nerves

Question 17

Grey matter in the brain

Answer 17

Outer cortex & deep nuclei

Question 18

White matter in the brain

Answer 18

Deeper

Question 19

Grey matter in the spinal cord

Answer 19

Inner

Question 20

White matter in the spinal cord

Answer 20

Outer

Question 21

Role of thalamus in the Diencephalon

Answer 21

Sensory relay centre
Influences moods & actions associated with strong emotions

Question 22

Role of Hypothalamus in the Diencephalon

Answer 22

Central controller of the endocrine system
Autonomic, endocrine muscle control
Body temp regulation
Food & water intake
Emotions
Sleep-wake cycle
Sexual development & behaviour

Question 23

What are the parts of the brainstem

Answer 23

MIdbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata

Question 24

What information does the cerebellum receive

Answer 24

Sensory information & information from cerebral cortex

Question 25

How does the cerebellum use the information it receives

Answer 25

Adjusts motor signals - helps control locomotion - fine motor control - posture & balance control

Question 26

Where does the spinal cord begin & end

Answer 26

Foramen magnum to the first/second lumbar vertebrae

Question 27

Where do sensory nerve roots enter the spinal cord

Answer 27

Dorsal roots -> grey matter

Question 28

Where do motor nerve roots leave the spinal cord

Answer 28

grey matter -> ventral root ->

Question 29

Sympathetic division of motor NS

Answer 29

Thoracolumbar division T1-L2

Question 30

Parasympathetic division of motor NS

Answer 30

Craniosacral division 4 cranial nerve nuclei & S2-S4

Question 31

Distinguish between somatic motor & autonomic motor neuron pathways

Answer 31

Somatic NS- one neuron extends from CNS -> skeletal muscle Autonomic NS- Preganglionic - autonomic nuclei of cranial nerves, lateral part of spinal cord Post-ganglionic - autonomic ganglion -> target tissue

Question 32

What are ganglia

Answer 32

Groups of nerves or brain cells that are closely related

Question 33

What effect does each part of the ANS have on the body

Answer 33

Sympathetic- Fight/flight Parasympathetic- Rest/digest

Question 34

Sympathetic responses include

Answer 34

Exercise, emergency, excitement, embarrassment

Question 35

Parasympathetic response include

Answer 35

Digestion, defecation, diuresis

Question 36

Meninges

Answer 36

Forms partitions inside the skull Holds cerebrospinal fluid Protection of the brain & spinal cord

Question 37

Role of Midbrain

Answer 37

Receives & integrates visual, auditory & tactile sensory input Initiates orients movements of the head, eyes in response Controls movements of the eye

Question 38

Role of Pons

Answer 38

Sleep centre Respiratory centre

Question 39

Role of Medulla obolongata

Answer 39

Centre for autonomic reflexes - cardiovascular centre - respiratory centre - other reflexes