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GI I > CA cycle > Flashcards

CA cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first reaction of CA cycle?

A

Acetyl Coa + oxaloacetate into citrate by citrate synthase

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2
Q

What is the second reaction of CA cycle?

A

Citrate into isocitrate by aconitase

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3
Q

What is the third reaction of the CA cycle?

A

Isocitrate into alpha-ketogluterate by isocitrate dehydrogenase using NAD

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4
Q

What are the other products of the third reaction of the CA cycle?

A

NADH + H
CO2

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5
Q

What is the fourth reaction of the CA cycle?

A

Alpha-ketogluterate to Succinyl CoA using alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase using CoASH and NAD

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6
Q

What are the other products of the fourth reaction of the CA cycle?

A

NADH + H
CO2

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7
Q

What are the coenzymes of alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase?

A

TPP
Lipoamide
CoA

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8
Q

What is the fifth reaction of the CA cycle?

A

Succinyl CoA into Succinate by succinyl CoA synthetase using GDP and Pi

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9
Q

What are the other products of fifth reaction of the CA cycle?

A

CoASH
GTP

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10
Q

What is the sixth reaction of the CA cycle?

A

Succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase using FAD

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11
Q

What is the other product of the sixth reaction of CA cycle?

A

FADH2

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12
Q

What is the seventh reaction of the CA cycle?

A

Fumarate to Malate using fumarase

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13
Q

What is the eighth and final reaction of the CA cycle?

A

Malate into oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase using NAD

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14
Q

What is the other product of the final step of the CA cycle?

A

NADH + H

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15
Q

What inhibits aconitase?

A

Fluorocitrate

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16
Q

How is fluorocitrate formed?

A

Fluoracetate (poison) condenses with oxaloacetate

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17
Q

What poison inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

A

Arsenite

18
Q

What enzyme of the CA cycle is bound to the IMM?

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

19
Q

What are the typical regulatory enzymes of the CA cycle?

A

Citrate synthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

20
Q

What allosterically inhibits citrate synthase?

A

ATP
Long chain fatty acyl CoA

21
Q

What allosterically stimulates isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ADP

22
Q

What allosterically inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

NADH
ATP

23
Q

What inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

A

Succinyl CoA
NADH
High energy charge (high level of ATP in cell)

24
Q

What inhibits succinyl dehydrogenase?

A

Oxaloacetate

25
Q

What does the availability of oxaloacetate depend on?

A

NADH/NAD ratio that affects malate dehydrogenase

26
Q

What enzymes are affected by arsenic poisoning?

A

PDH complex
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase

27
Q

What part of the enzyme is affected by arsenic poisoning?

A

-SH group of lipoic acid

28
Q

How much NADH and FADH2 are produced by the CA cycle per glucose?

A

6 NADH
2 FADH

29
Q

How much energy is produced for each NADH that goes through ETC?

A

2.5 ATP

30
Q

How much energy is produced for each FADHs that goes through ETC?

A

1.5 ATP

31
Q

How much energy is produced by the CA cycle for each glucose?

A

20 ATP

32
Q

How much energy is produced for each glucose from glycolysis through TCA cycle?

A

32 ATP

33
Q

Other than energy production, why else is the CA cycle important?

A

Major pathway for gluconeogenesis, AA synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis

34
Q

What does amphibolic mean?

A

Functions as both oxidative/metabolic and synthetic/anabolic

35
Q

What are sources of acetyl CoA?

A

Palmitate
Acetoacetate
Pyruvate
Ethanol

36
Q

What is the part of the CA cycle that is used in gluconeogenesis?

A

Oxaloacetate

37
Q

What is the part of the CA cycle used in fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA

38
Q

What is the vitamin found in FAD?

A

Riboflavin

39
Q

What is the vitamin found in NAD?

A

Niacin

40
Q

What is pantothenic acid a part of as a coenzyme?

A

Coenzyme A

41
Q

How is biotin used in the CA cycle?

A

CO2 fixation reaction for oxaloacetate concentration

42
Q

What is anaplerosis?

A

Replenishing CA cycle intermediates

GI I (19 decks)

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