Stomach and spleen

Question 1

What is the location of inferior esophageal sphincter?

Answer 1

Left of midline at level of left 7th costal cartilage and T11 vertebra

Question 2

What is achalasia?

Answer 2

Failure of gastroesophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing

Question 3

What is a common cause of achalasia?

Answer 3

Absence of myenteric plexus

Question 4

What is the location of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 4

L1 - transpyloric plane

Question 5

What are signs of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 5

Non-bilious projectile vomiting
Polyhydramnios

Question 6

What structures form the bed of the stomach?

Answer 6

Left dome of diaphragm
Spleen
Left kidney
Left adrenal gland
Splenic artery
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon

Question 7

What is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?

Answer 7

T6-T9 thoracic splanchnic N

Question 8

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?

Answer 8

Anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Question 9

What is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?

Answer 9

Gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes to pyloric, pancreaticosplenic, and pancreaticoduodenal nodes, to celiac lymph nodes

Question 10

What artery is most commonly affected by erosion of the stomach from an ulcer?

Answer 10

Left gastric

Question 11

Where are peptic ulcers located?

Answer 11

Pyloric canal
Duodenum - more common

Question 12

What artery can be damaged by erosion of the posterior duodenum from peptic ulcers?

Answer 12

Gastroduodenal artery

Question 13

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 13

Filtration of blood by phagocytosis
Hematopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis

Question 14

What rib is associated with the location of the spleen?

Answer 14

Left 10th rib

Question 15

What are the impressions on the visceral surface of the spleen?

Answer 15

Gastric impression
Renal impression
Colic impression
Pancreatic impression

Question 16

What are the ligaments of the spleen?

Answer 16

Gastrosplenic
Splenorenal
Phrenicocolic
Splenophrenic

Question 17

Where does lymph from the spleen drain?

Answer 17

Pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes

Question 18

What is the sympathetic innervation of the spleen?

Answer 18

Celiac plexus

Question 19

Where is the spleen palpable in splenomegaly?

Answer 19

Under the left costal arch

Question 20

Fracturs of what ribs may damage the spleen?

Answer 20

Left 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs

Question 21

What are the unpaired visceral branches of the abd aorta?

Answer 21

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

Question 22

What are the paired visceral branches of the abd aorta?

Answer 22

Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal

Question 23

What are the paired parietal branches of the abd aorta?

Answer 23

Subcostal
Inferior phrenic
Lumbar

Question 24

What branches of the abd aorta come off at T12?

Answer 24

Celiac
Inferior phrenic

Question 25

What branches of the abd aorta come off at L1?

Answer 25

Superior mesenteric Suprarenal Renal

Question 26

What branches of the abd aorta come off at L2?

Answer 26

Gonadal Subcostal

Question 27

What branch of the abd aorta comes off at L3?

Answer 27

Inferior mesenteric

Question 28

What branch of the abdominal aorta comes of at L1-L4?

Answer 28

Lumbar

Question 29

What are the branches of the celiac artery?

Answer 29

Left gastric Common hepatic Splenic

Question 30

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 30

Proper hepatic to cystic A Gastroduodenal to sup pancreaticoduodenal, right gastroepiploid, and supreaduodenal A Right gastric A

Question 31

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

Answer 31

Pancreatic branches Short gastric branches Left gastroepiploic A

Question 32

What are the layers of the stomach?

Answer 32

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Submucosa

Question 33

Where do the gastric glands open?

Answer 33

Into the bottom of gastric pits

Question 34

What are histological markers of the fundus of the stomach?

Answer 34

Shallow pits Fundic glands - narrower lumen

Question 35

What are general histological markers of the cardia and pyloric regions of the stomach?

Answer 35

Deep pits Cardiac glands - wider lumen Pyloric glands - wider lumen

Question 36

What lines the surface and pits of the stomach?

Answer 36

Mucous cells

Question 37

What are the five major cell types in the epithelium of a fundic gland?

Answer 37

Mucous neck cells Parietal/oxyntic cells Chief/peptic/zymogenic cells Enteroendocrine cells (DNES) Stem cells

Question 38

What is produced by parietal/oxyntic cells?

Answer 38

HCl Intrinsic factor

Question 39

What is produced by chief/peptic cells?

Answer 39

Pepsinogen

Question 40

What is the lifespan of surface-lining cells in the stomach?

Answer 40

3-5 days

Question 41

What is the lifespan of mucous neck cells in the stomach?

Answer 41

6 days

Question 42

What is the lifespan of parietal cells in the stomach?

Answer 42

200 days

Question 43

What is the lifespan of Chief cells and DNES cells in the stomach?

Answer 43

60-90 days

Question 44

What color will parietal cells stain?

Answer 44

Pink because they are acidophilic

Question 45

What is the function of gastric intrinsic factor?

Answer 45

Binds to vit B12 to facilitate its absorption in the ileum?

Question 46

What is the result of low vitamin B12?

Answer 46

Pernicious anemia

Question 47

What color will chief cells stain?

Answer 47

Purple because they are basophilic

Question 48

When is pepsinogen converted to pepsin?

Answer 48

When it comes into contact with acidic gastric juice

Question 49

What type of epithelium is in the stomach?

Answer 49

Simple columnar

Question 50

What are the 3 components of the gastric mucosal barrier?

Answer 50

Viscid mucus layer secreted by surface cells Bicarbonate ions secreted by epithelial cells compact epithelial lining with tight junctions